Biblical Context Versus Institutional Christianity: Defending the Gospel Against Empire, Islam, and the Confusions of History

I have always had trouble with the way people mix biblical context and the long history of institutional Christianity. The two are not the same thing. One is the text and the claim it makes. The other is what men have done with it across centuries of power, conquest, and the ordinary human habit of turning a useful idea into a weapon. Diarmaid MacCulloch’s Christianity: The First Three Thousand Years is a useful chronicle of the second part. It is a big book written by a careful historian who describes himself as a candid friend of the faith. I do not think he is an Islamic sympathizer in any simple sense, but he writes with the detachment of someone who left formal orders and who is more interested in how humans have used the narrative than in whether the narrative is true. The book holds up as history. It shows how the biblical story has been interpreted, expanded, and sometimes distorted to serve earthly purposes. That distinction matters more than ever when Islam continues its long effort to spread by various means and when many people treat any strong defense of Christianity as off-limits for emotional or liberal reasons.

Separating the Biblical Text from the History of Empires

The Bible stands as a text. Much of what became the canonical Old Testament is supported by the Dead Sea Scrolls and other early witnesses. The process of deciding the canon can be debated, and it has been. Councils and authorities recognized writings they believed already carried authority; they did not invent them. Over time, material was added, emphasized, or sidelined in ways that suited the needs of power. Romans, British, French, Spanish, and others each took their turn turning Christianity into a support for empire. They baptized ambition in the name of the Lamb. That is not the gospel. The gospel is a kingdom not of this world, purchased by blood rather than by conquest.

I have imagined how Jonathan Edwards might respond if asked about this. He would say the early church spread by witness and by willingness to die, not by the sword. When Islam advanced by the blade, the truest answer was not a matching blade but a life that would not stop speaking. Liberal critics often miss the distinction: one faith conquers by force and submission; the other conquers by witness, even when it costs. Empires forged the cross into a sword. The British and the French did the same. Each nation used the name of Christ to justify its reach. That is human pride wearing religious language. It is not the original claim.

MacCulloch’s Chronicle and the Useful Invention Argument

MacCulloch’s volume is a strong chronicle of how Christianity rose and how humans interpreted the biblical narrative to serve their purposes. I have not read every page cover to cover in recent years, but the overall shape is clear. He starts a thousand years before Christ to show the Jewish and Greek soil. He follows the institutional story through councils, schisms, reformations, and modern accommodations. Some readers find him too kind to certain heresies or too ready to note Christian intolerance. Others note his preference for a secular frame. None of that erases the value of the historical record he assembles. Empires and crosses have their own colors. A biased witness can still point at the wound if he does not hide the blood.

Christianity has been extremely beneficial as a constructive force for civilization. Hospitals, universities, the dignity of the poor, and the eventual movement against slavery all grew in soil shaped by the biblical text. The Spanish confrontation with the Aztec system under Montezuma is one hard case. The Aztec religion practiced large-scale human sacrifice. Christianity, carried by Spanish power, ended that particular horror. You can view the encounter as a surgeon’s knife cutting out disease, even while the surgeon’s hand trembled with fever and ambition. The same pattern appears in other places. The goodness was never the purity of the institution. It was the gospel leaking out despite the empire, like water through stone. Men remain faulty in their interpretation. The presence of the text still made the world better because it kept introducing the idea that justice and mercy are not optional.

Abuses, Witch Trials, Crusades, and the Flesh in Religious Dress

The record also contains clear failures. The Salem witch trials show how a society that claims righteousness can turn accusation into proof. Anyone disliked could be labeled a witch and destroyed. That is not justice. That is the flesh dressed in religious language. The Protestant Reformation, the Crusades, and various inquisitions all produced versions of the same problem: using the name of Christ to eradicate those who did not conform. Islam has done the same in its own spheres. A free society cannot be built on the rule that accusation equals guilt. A righteous people may defend themselves from real threats, but they must prove the threat before they strike. When they stop proving and start assuming, they become the thing they claim to oppose.

Puritans were wrong when they treated every troublemaker as a threat that could be removed by accusation alone. The same error appears whenever any group claims the right to silence or destroy dissenters in the name of purity. The Bible gives a vehicle for study and a standard for justice. It does not authorize the shortcut of calling every opponent a witch.

The Bible as the Document That Defines Justice

The Bible is the only major document in the world that truly centers justice as a sustained, personal claim rather than a subordinate idea. The Hebrew word mishpat appears roughly 400 to 421 times in the Old Testament alone. Amos cries that justice should roll down like waters. Micah asks what the Lord requires: to do justice, love mercy, and walk humbly. In the New Testament the language of righteousness is tied to Christ. Whether the English word “justice” appears dozens or hundreds of times in a given translation, the concept saturates the pages. Other ancient texts reach toward justice. Confucius taught order under the emperor. The Quran speaks of justice under submission to one law and one sword. Plato and Aristotle explored justice as a principle. The Bible shows justice wounded in Job, satisfied at the cross, and still standing. That is different.

Most of the Old Testament material predates Plato. The New Testament was written after him. Islam arrives roughly six centuries after Christ. The idea that justice is a social judgment rooted in a personal God who acts in history is specific to the biblical stream. Men did not invent a God who dies for his enemies. Every instinct of pride and power runs the other way. The claim is revelation breaking in on a world that had exhausted its own wisdom. Every heresy, crusade, and inquisition is a later attempt to make that claim serve human ends. The danger was never that Christ was too weak. It was that men were too proud to leave him as he was.

Defending Christianity Against Replacement Religions: Why the double standard

A defense of Christianity as a religion is essential, especially when the practical replacement on offer is Islam or some other system of submission. Islam has a long record of expansion by conquest, law, and demographic pressure. Liberal habits that treat any strong Christian response as illegitimate do not change the historical pattern. Christianity’s truth claims and its record of producing hospitals, literacy, and restraints on power are worth defending. The alternative is not neutral space. It is a different set of rules about who may speak, who may leave, and what happens to dissenters.

When people come after you for reading the Bible, carrying it, or having a relationship with its claims, the response is not to stop. Peter and John were told to stop speaking. They went away rejoicing that they were counted worthy to suffer. The defense is not primarily armies or laws. It is people who will not stop speaking. The old hymn “Onward, Christian Soldiers” captures an instinctual sense of the battle. The warfare is real. Ephesians 6:12 makes the distinction clear: we wrestle not against flesh and blood but against principalities and powers. The moment the sword points at a neighbor instead of at the darkness, the text has been misread. Spiritual warfare is not an excuse for political laziness. Many Christians sat out recent elections and let others fight the battles. That is not faith. It is laziness dressed in robes. The ballot and free speech are available weapons. Refusing to use them is not piety.

Religion as Unifier Versus the Biblical Relationship

There is a fine line between people who take over a religion because it unifies large numbers of people and those who want a relationship with the text. MacCulloch’s history shows the institutional side of that line across three thousand years. Empires saw Christ as a useful heart for order. Institutions asked for obedience. Those two masters cannot be served at once. The biblical narrative keeps breaking through the crust of human pride. The historical record of the church is full of corruption and compromise. That record should not be confused with the text itself. One is what men built. The other is what the text claims was given.

I recommend the MacCulloch volume to anyone who wants the long historical view. Read it as a chronicle of how the narrative was used, not as a substitute for the narrative. Study the Bible itself. The distinction between institutional Christianity and the biblical claim is not convenient for empire-building. It is necessary if the claim is to remain anything more than a tool.

Footnotes

1.  Diarmaid MacCulloch, Christianity: The First Three Thousand Years (2009/2010). The author, a former Anglican deacon and Oxford historian, describes himself as a “candid friend” of Christianity. Reviews note both the book’s comprehensive scope and its secular-leaning or liberal academic frame; some critics find it too ready to question uniqueness or to treat certain historical actors with detachment.

2.  Dead Sea Scrolls and related manuscript evidence support the antiquity and substantial stability of much of the Hebrew Bible text that later formed the Old Testament canon. Canon formation involved recognition and debate rather than pure invention.

3.  Hebrew mishpat (Strong’s H4941) occurs approximately 400–421 times in the Old Testament, frequently in contexts of judgment, ordinance, and justice (e.g., Amos 5:24; Micah 6:8). Related terms for righteousness appear extensively as well.

4.  Ephesians 6:12: “For we wrestle not against flesh and blood, but against principalities, against powers, against the rulers of the darkness of this world, against spiritual wickedness in high places.”

5.  Historical patterns of Christian institutional expansion (Roman, medieval European, Spanish in the Americas) and Islamic expansion by conquest are extensively documented in standard histories. Aztec sacrificial practices and the Spanish confrontation are part of that record. Salem witch trials and various inquisitions illustrate the recurring problem of accusation substituting for evidence.

6.  Plato’s major works predate the New Testament writings. Islam emerges in the seventh century, roughly six centuries after the events surrounding Jesus.

Selected Bibliography / Further Reading

•  Diarmaid MacCulloch, Christianity: The First Three Thousand Years (Viking/Penguin, 2009/2010).

•  Standard treatments of the Dead Sea Scrolls and textual transmission of the Hebrew Bible.

•  Concordance and lexical studies of mishpat (H4941) and related justice/righteousness vocabulary in the Old and New Testaments.

•  Primary and secondary sources on the Crusades, Spanish conquest of Mexico, Salem witch trials, and comparative histories of Christian and Islamic expansion.

•  Ephesians 6 and related New Testament texts on spiritual conflict.

•  Reviews of MacCulloch’s volume from both sympathetic and critical perspectives (academic, Anglican, Catholic, and secular outlets).

Rich Hoffman

More about me

Click Here to Protect Yourself with Second Call Defense https://www.secondcalldefense.org/?affiliate=20707

About the Author: Rich Hoffman

Rich Hoffman is an author, political consultant, and strategic advisor based in Cincinnati, Ohio, and the creator of The Politics of Heaven—a unique framework that connects biblical theology, ancient history, and modern power structures to explain how moral alignment and spiritual forces shape global events. Blending real-world political experience with deep research into archaeology, UFO phenomena, and suppressed historical narratives, Hoffman offers compelling commentary on topics ranging from ancient civilizations and the Dead Sea Scrolls to modern populist movements, paranormal continuity, and leadership strategy in chaotic environments. As the author of The Gunfighter’s Guide to Business and the forthcoming Politics of Heaven, he brings a grounded yet provocative voice to media discussions, supported by firsthand experiences and a cross-disciplinary approach that bridges science, history, and theology. For interviews, speaking engagements, or expert analysis, visit richhoffmanbooks.com or contact directly by email at rhoffman@richhoffmanbooks.com.  If you’ve seen the movie, Disclosure Day and want to talk about it and the implications of Presidnet Trump’s UAP disclosures, let me know and we can bring some color to your coverage. https://richhoffmanbooks.com/media-inquiries-broadcast-topics-and-contact-info/?frame-nonce=ad51e7ecba I do have a firsthand UFO encounter to discuss.

Fear, Fertility, and Ancient Instincts: An Observational Study from the Kings Island Haunt

In my view, ideological pressures have shaped scholarship and made certain questions difficult to examine openly. This is not a new problem. When I visited the Museum of the Bible and spent time with the Dead Sea Scrolls exhibition and related high-level books on the formation of the biblical canon, the transition from earlier Near Eastern traditions to the exclusive worship of Yahweh, and the pre-Israelite cultures of Canaan, I kept encountering the same pattern: ritual practices involving fertility, sacrifice, and the role of women were either minimized or reframed in ways that avoided uncomfortable historical realities.  The same tendency appears in discussions of pre-Columbian copper-working cultures around Lake Superior, where evidence of large-scale indigenous mining dating back thousands of years is accepted, yet contemporary academic assumptions often constrain questions about broader cultural contacts, religious practices, or the nature of those societies.

I wanted to test one specific question with direct observation rather than theory alone. The question concerned how women, particularly those in childbearing years, respond under sudden fear, and whether that response retains traces of older cultural and biological patterns. Ancient Near Eastern sources, including biblical condemnations of Canaanite practices, describe fertility cults associated with deities such as Baal and Asherah/Astarte. These involved sexual rites intended to stimulate agricultural and human fertility through sympathetic magic. While modern scholarship has become more cautious about the precise scale of “sacred prostitution,” the biblical texts themselves (Deuteronomy 23, Hosea 4, 2 Kings 23) treat the practices as real and objectionable enough to prohibit.  Parallel patterns appear in accounts of other cultures that used sexual signaling or ritualized access to women as a means of managing powerful or dangerous forces.

An Observational Method: Playing Jason at Kings Island

In the fall of 2026, I auditioned for and worked as Jason Voorhees in the Jason: Blood Reign attraction at Kings Island’s Halloween Haunt. The role placed me in a controlled environment where thousands of guests moved through a maze under strobe lights, timed sound effects, and deliberate jump scares. I was often at the curtain, where timing and speed produced consistent reactions. Over multiple eight-hour shifts, I observed a broad cross-section of Cincinnati and southern Ohio residents. The hockey mask created a psychological barrier that made sustained observation easier than face-to-face interaction.

Men and women reacted differently under the same stimulus. Men often stiffened, tried to project toughness, or positioned themselves protectively. A noticeable subset of women in the approximate age range of the late teens through the early fifties—the years when sexual signaling capacity is highest—responded by flashing, winking, sticking out their tongues, making explicit sexual gestures, or saying some version of “Jason, I love you.” I estimated this at roughly five percent of the women who passed through under direct scare conditions, with a larger group showing subtler eye contact or flirtatious recovery behaviors once the immediate fright subsided. These were not isolated incidents. They repeated night after night across a large sample.

Historical and Biological Context

The pattern is consistent with both historical fertility practices and with findings in evolutionary psychology. Anne Campbell’s work on sex differences in fear, and the broader “staying alive” literature, documents that women on average exhibit stronger fear responses and more self-protective strategies than men. Self-protection carries higher fitness value for women because of the demands of pregnancy and dependent offspring.  Sexual signaling is one available tool for reducing threat or securing protection in unstable conditions. In a modern haunted attraction, the threat is theatrical, yet the first-order physiological reaction appears to draw on older circuitry.

The same logic appears in non-theatrical settings. Women at rock concerts and at Mardi Gras flash as a status display and a way to seek access from high-status males in the room. The behavior is not random. It is a calculated or semi-automatic use of a resource historically exchanged for security, resources, or reduced danger. Ancient temple practices formalized a version of the same exchange. Contemporary culture has largely removed the religious framing while retaining the underlying bargaining pattern.

Why the Observation Matters

I do not claim that five percent of women will behave this way under every form of stress, nor that the behavior defines women as a class. I do claim that the frequency is high enough, and consistent enough across a large public sample, that it cannot be dismissed as noise. It also cannot be fully explained by “just having fun in a haunted house.” The guests knew they were in a commercial attraction. The response still emerged when fear was suddenly activated. Evolutionary and historical accounts predict exactly this kind of residual pattern; much current academic and political discourse treats the pattern as either nonexistent or unmentionable.

The biblical narrative of Eve and the serpent is one ancient attempt to describe a recurring vulnerability: a point of entry through which external influence can operate by appealing to desire rather than force. Cultures that later restricted women’s formal political or economic roles often cited long observation of this dynamic, not abstract misogyny. Whether those restrictions were justified in every case is a separate question. The observational record, both ancient and modern, shows that a non-trivial minority of women will use sexual access as a primary tool for securing safety or advantage when other tools feel unavailable. Pretending the pattern does not exist does not make the underlying incentives disappear.

This short account is the observational core of a longer project. The data come from repeated, structured exposure to the same stimulus across thousands of people in a single season. Further controlled work would be useful. What I observed at Kings Island in October 2026 is not an outlier. It is a visible remainder of patterns that ancient texts, archaeological records, and evolutionary psychology have all described from different directions. The question is whether contemporary scholarship is willing to look at the remainder directly.

Footnotes

1.  Museum of the Bible hosted an authenticated Dead Sea Scrolls exhibition in partnership with the Israel Antiquities Authority beginning in November 2025, distinct from earlier forged fragments previously associated with the museum.

2.  Lake Superior copper mining by indigenous groups is documented from roughly 9,500–6,000 years ago onward, with thousands of pits and cold-hammered artifacts recovered from Isle Royale and the Keweenaw Peninsula.

3.  Biblical prohibitions on cultic sexual practices appear in Deuteronomy 23:17–18, Hosea 4:14, and the Josiah reforms in 2 Kings 23:7. Scholarly debate continues over the precise institutional form of these practices, but the texts treat them as real and objectionable.

4.  Anne Campbell and subsequent work on the “staying alive” hypothesis document consistent sex differences in fear intensity and self-protective behavior across multiple threat domains.

5.  The five-percent figure is an observational estimate based on repeated shifts in the Jason: Blood Rain attraction; it is not a formal statistical sample but reflects consistent patterning across a large public throughput.

Bibliography

•  Campbell, Anne. Sex Differences in Fear Response: An Evolutionary Perspective. Springer, 2021.

•  Benenson, Joyce F., et al. “Self-protection as an adaptive female strategy.” Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 2021.

•  Lipiński, Edward. “Cult Prostitution and Passage Rites in the Biblical World.” The Biblical Annals, 2019.

•  Pompeani, David P., et al. “Copper mining on Isle Royale 6500–5400 years ago.” The Holocene, 2015.

•  Scientific American reporting on lead-isotope evidence for Archaic copper production in the Lake Superior basin.

•  Museum of the Bible / Israel Antiquities Authority materials on the 2025–2026 Dead Sea Scrolls exhibition.

•  Biblical texts: Deuteronomy 23, Hosea 4, 2 Kings 23; Ugaritic mythological texts on Baal and Anat.

•  Herodotus, Histories (on Babylonian temple practices); comparative ancient Near Eastern sources collected in Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament.

•  Buss, David M. and related evolutionary psychology literature on female threat management and sexual signaling.

•  Hoffman, Rich. Prior essays and podcast material on the politics of fear, institutional incentives, and the limits of contemporary academic framing.

Rich Hoffman

More about me

Click Here to Protect Yourself with Second Call Defense https://www.secondcalldefense.org/?affiliate=20707

About the Author: Rich Hoffman

Rich Hoffman is an author, political consultant, and strategic advisor based in Cincinnati, Ohio, and the creator of The Politics of Heaven—a unique framework that connects biblical theology, ancient history, and modern power structures to explain how moral alignment and spiritual forces shape global events. Blending real-world political experience with deep research into archaeology, UFO phenomena, and suppressed historical narratives, Hoffman offers compelling commentary on topics ranging from ancient civilizations and the Dead Sea Scrolls to modern populist movements, paranormal continuity, and leadership strategy in chaotic environments. As the author of The Gunfighter’s Guide to Business and the forthcoming Politics of Heaven, he brings a grounded yet provocative voice to media discussions, supported by firsthand experiences and a cross-disciplinary approach that bridges science, history, and theology. For interviews, speaking engagements, or expert analysis, visit richhoffmanbooks.com or contact directly by email at rhoffman@richhoffmanbooks.com.  If you’ve seen the movie, Disclosure Day and want to talk about it and the implications of Presidnet Trump’s UAP disclosures, let me know and we can bring some color to your coverage. https://richhoffmanbooks.com/media-inquiries-broadcast-topics-and-contact-info/?frame-nonce=ad51e7ecba I do have a firsthand UFO encounter to discuss.

Why the Lakota Levy Passed: Property Taxes, Free Services, and the Psychology of the Renewal

People constantly complain that property taxes are too high. They see the bill, feel the squeeze, and then, when they are handed a clear chance to lower it, a critical number still votes to keep paying. The Lakota bond was the textbook case. An existing set of bonds totaling roughly 2.23 mills was set to expire at the end of 2028. The replacement on the ballot was framed at 2.20 mills, with collection delayed until 2029 so that, on paper, the bond portion of the school tax rate would not rise. District materials and officials repeated “no anticipated increase in the bond tax rate.” That language is true in a narrow sense and misleading in the practical one. A “no” vote would have allowed the old millage to roll off. Homeowners would have seen a reduction once the prior debt was paid. Enough voters could not get their minds around the idea of giving themselves that money back. They had been paying it. They assumed they would keep paying it. The renewal looked safer than the unknown of a lower bill. That is the calculated risk school boards have run for decades. Offer a large prior ask, come back with a “reasonable” number, call it a renewal or replacement, and count on the confusion.

Across southwest Ohio, the pattern held elsewhere. Fairfield’s 1.25 percent earned income tax failed, roughly 52–48 against. Other operating and income-tax measures went down. Only three of twelve school funding questions in the broader region passed. Lakota’s was one of them, and it was the one that could be sold as not raising the current bond rate. The board knew the psychology. A larger request had already failed in 2025. They adjusted the ask, timed the collection after the old bonds expired, secured state construction money that required local approval, and ran the classic public-education play. Statistically, renewals of existing taxes pass more often than brand-new ones for exactly this reason. People treat the status quo as the default. They do not sit down and calculate what happens when the revenue is about to disappear.

Free Babysitting, Public Education, and the Vote for the Status Quo

Many voters want the free service. They want a free place to drop the kids off so they don’t have to pay for it themselves. They want the public education system to keep operating at the scale they have grown used to, even while many of the same people say they resist the ideological content that has crept into it. That tension is real. Plenty of parents do not want their children taught to be losers or to absorb every progressive fashion, yet they still treat the buildings, the bus routes, and the daily childcare as a non-negotiable entitlement. When the choice is presented as “keep paying what you already pay and keep the system running” versus “vote no and the system has to adjust,” enough of them choose the first option. The Lakota resistance made a strong argument for tax reduction. That wasn’t enough to counter the free-stuff instinct and the confusion about how renewals actually work. The liberal-leaning elements that run many of these boards understand the math. They put a number on the ballot that looks more reasonable than the last one, they emphasize that it is a replacement, and they let the statistical confusion do the rest. It is not an accident. It is the mechanism that keeps property-tax revenue flowing so the school system and the related government services continue.

Amy Acton as Governor and the Broader Free-Stuff Message

That local pattern sat inside a larger statewide result. Amy Acton is now the governor-elect. She is the former Ohio Department of Health director who led the early COVID lockdowns. Many people still associate her with those restrictions. Some successfully painted her as the lockdown lady. At the same time, she and the Democratic ticket ran on the language of free stuff, affordability relief, and government services. Plenty of voters, including some who had supported Trump in prior cycles, wanted the free babysitting, the free or reduced costs, and the sense that someone else would absorb the expense. They did not want to hear the detailed argument about what public education actually costs or how a different administration might have constrained those costs. Vivek Ramaswamy’s campaign was associated with Trump and with wealth. Democrats successfully painted him as a rich guy who did not care about the cost of bread. The oil-refinery capacity issues, the price effects of the Iranian conflict that began in late February 2026, and the failure to put sustained public pressure on energy companies never became the dominant message. Gas prices stayed high. People felt it. The media complex that wanted to preserve a hostile Islamic regime in Iran for its own reasons, and that had no interest in a quick resolution that would have undercut the narrative, did not cover the story the way it needed to be covered. Trump’s administration had the war; the war did not resolve as quickly as some hoped because the Iranian people, facing a regime that arrives at night and removes dissidents, did not take the final step of overthrow. The costs lingered. Republicans at the state level did not get a simple, repeated message across that they would preserve services while reducing the burden. Acton slid in on the free-stuff and affordability language while the more complicated defense of results never landed.

Liberty Township, Coastal Habits, and the Tax-as-Default Mindset

Look at the precinct patterns, and you see the same psychology in concentrated form. Liberty Township comes in early in the reporting, and it is not the hard-core Republican stronghold some expect. Coastal transplants, apartment complexes, and people who moved from places where high taxes and big-government services are simply the way of life. They support tax increases or renewals because that is what they know. The idea that they can vote to give themselves savings on an expiring tax does not compute for many of them. They assume the government will take the money and they will live under it. That is the impression of a tyrannical, or at least inevitable, state they carry with them. They stick themselves with the cost even when the logic of the ballot says they can choose otherwise. The same voters who complain about property taxes or the cost of living still vote to keep free services and a free place to drop the kids. They have been trained that way. When Acton put the broader version of that bargain on the ballot, enough of them took it.

Statewide Tax Measures and the Limits of the Anti-Tax Argument

Across the state, the same dynamic appeared in other forms. Property-tax and income-tax proposals faced resistance in some places and still passed where they could be framed as renewals or as necessary to preserve services. Government types who want the services, and the voters who want the free stuff, outnumber or out-motivate the people who want to confiscate less from those who produce. That is why the socialist-populist platform was on the ballot in 2026 and why it benefited from the confusion and the desire for someone else to pay. Republicans talked about reducing property taxes. When the concrete chance arrived in places like Lakota, the message did not break through the habit of renewal. People who don’t want to give out the free stuff often stay home or vote less intensely because they have lost faith in the larger system. The people who want the free stuff show up. That is why local resistance can make a strong case and still lose by a couple of points. It is also why the school-board calculated risk works year after year.

What the Iranian Conflict and Media Coverage Had to Do With It

None of this local tax psychology exists in isolation from the larger economic pressure. The Iranian war drove energy prices higher. National averages rose substantially after the late-February 2026 actions and the Strait of Hormuz disruptions. Ohio saw large increases as well. Households felt it at the pump and in the cost of goods. The administration had tools—refinery capacity explanations, public pressure on oil companies, a clear defense of why the action against a terrorist, Marxist, Muslim-fundamentalist regime was necessary—but those points did not dominate the conversation. Media that preferred stability under the prior Iranian order, or that opposed Trump, did not amplify the counter-narrative. People blamed the war for price gouging and supply constraints, and they blamed the administration for the war. Voters who were already broke did not reward the side that had failed to deliver lower prices, even when the alternative was the lockdown figure offering free stuff. The same voters who could not figure out how to give themselves a property-tax reduction on a local bond also could not figure out, or did not want to hear, the more complicated story about energy. They wanted the immediate relief of someone else paying.

Conclusion: People Get What They Vote For

The Lakota bond passed because enough people could not or would not treat the expiring tax as money they could reclaim. They voted to keep free babysitting and free public education. Amy Acton’s statewide victory reflected the same preference for free stuff and the opposing side’s failure to make the cost-and-results argument stick. Liberty Township and similar pockets voted like coastal transplants who treat high taxes as normal. The school board ran a calculated risk with a renewal number and won by a narrow margin. Across the state, many other levies failed, but the ones that could be sold as “already paying this” had a built-in advantage. It is a shame in the sense that voters had a clear chance to lower their own burden, and a critical number of them did not take it. It is also the ordinary result of the incentives. People who want free stuff vote for it. People who do not want to fund it often stay home or split their tickets when they have lost faith. The public-education system and the related government services know how to present the renewal so that the confusion works in their favor. That mechanism is not going to disappear. The 2026 results, locally and statewide, confirmed that the psychology still holds.

Footnotes

1.  Unofficial Butler County results and Journal-News reporting (Nov. 3–4, 2026): Lakota Local Schools Issue 2, 37-year 2.20-mill replacement bond for approximately $223 million, passed 51% to 49%. Collection begins in 2029 after existing bonds (roughly 2.23 mills) expire at the end of 2028. The district said it doesn’t anticipate increasing the bond tax rate. Opponents noted a “no” vote would reduce taxes once prior debt rolled off.

2.  FOX19 and local reporting: Only three of twelve school funding measures in southwest Ohio passed. Fairfield’s 1.25% earned income tax failed, with 52–48% of voters. Lakota’s bond was one of the three that passed.

3.  Lakota enrollment figures reported in the 17,000–17,300 range with projected growth; state construction funding of about $77 million contingent on local approval. A prior larger request failed in 2025.

4.  Butler County MHARS mental-health levy (1-mill renewal, 10 years) passed 61–39 according to Journal-News and related tallies.

5.  Statewide Ohio results (Secretary of State and major outlets as of Nov. 4, 2026): Amy Acton (D) defeated Vivek Ramaswamy (R) for governor, approximately 52% to 44%. Acton is the former Ohio Department of Health director associated with early COVID restrictions.

6.  Energy and affordability context: Post-late-February 2026 Iran-related conflict and Strait of Hormuz disruptions drove national gas-price increases of roughly 40% or more; Ohio increases reported in the 35–48% range in various analyses. CPI inflation near 3.7% year-over-year in recent data. Multiple outlets linked pocketbook pressure to midterm outcomes.

7.  Precinct and demographic notes drawn from local reporting patterns and consistent voter-behavior observations in Liberty Township and similar areas.

Selected Bibliography / Further Reading

•  Journal-News coverage of Lakota Schools bond results and related Butler County election reporting (November 3–4, 2026).

•  Butler County Board of Elections unofficial results and Ohio Secretary of State feeds.

•  FOX19, Cincinnati Enquirer, and local12 summaries of southwest Ohio school levy outcomes.

•  Statewide election summaries (AP, Dispatch, WKRC, Ballotpedia) on the Acton–Ramaswamy race and other Ohio contests.

•  Energy-price and inflation reporting from AAA/EIA data, NBC, Fox, Reuters, and related analyses of 2026 midterm affordability issues.

•  District materials and treasurer explanations on bond versus operating-levy distinctions and the timing of collection relative to expiring debt.

Rich Hoffman

More about me

Click Here to Protect Yourself with Second Call Defense https://www.secondcalldefense.org/?affiliate=20707

About the Author: Rich Hoffman

Rich Hoffman is an author, political consultant, and strategic advisor based in Cincinnati, Ohio, and the creator of The Politics of Heaven—a unique framework that connects biblical theology, ancient history, and modern power structures to explain how moral alignment and spiritual forces shape global events. Blending real-world political experience with deep research into archaeology, UFO phenomena, and suppressed historical narratives, Hoffman offers compelling commentary on topics ranging from ancient civilizations and the Dead Sea Scrolls to modern populist movements, paranormal continuity, and leadership strategy in chaotic environments. As the author of The Gunfighter’s Guide to Business and the forthcoming Politics of Heaven, he brings a grounded yet provocative voice to media discussions, supported by firsthand experiences and a cross-disciplinary approach that bridges science, history, and theology. For interviews, speaking engagements, or expert analysis, visit richhoffmanbooks.com or contact directly by email at rhoffman@richhoffmanbooks.com.  If you’ve seen the movie, Disclosure Day and want to talk about it and the implications of Presidnet Trump’s UAP disclosures, let me know and we can bring some color to your coverage. https://richhoffmanbooks.com/media-inquiries-broadcast-topics-and-contact-info/?frame-nonce=ad51e7ecba I do have a firsthand UFO encounter to discuss.

Mixed Bag in Butler County: Michael Ryan’s Solid Win, Tighter Races Than Expected, and the National Price of Soft Politics

The 2026 midterms delivered a mixed bag across Butler County, the state of Ohio, and the nation. Local officeholders who were on the ballot largely held or won, and I was never truly worried about my good friend Michael Ryan’s commissioner race once the early numbers started coming in. Republicans had reason for concern as the night progressed in other races, and the tighter margins reflect new voter groups, split-ticket voting, and a failure at higher levels to deliver the results people can feel in their wallets. What I said for years about Pauline, gerrymandering, jury-mandering, and the need to treat Democrats as the opponent they are proved true. Socialism was on the ballot. Democrats ran on free stuff and big government without clearly defining the costs, and a lot of insecure or younger voters bought it because Republicans did not smash-mouth them hard enough or show decisive victories on the things that matter most: gas prices, the cost of goods, and a quality of life people can actually live with.

Election Night at the Michael Ryan Watch Party and the Precinct Math

I was at Michael Ryan’s watch party with a table set up to break down precincts, the numbers behind the numbers, state races, and national races. Warren Davidson was there; he was fine locally but the early tightness everywhere put people on edge. We called Ryan’s race around 9:30 or so once enough precincts reported that his opponent could not catch him mathematically. Ryan ran a great campaign over a couple of years with strong endorsement support—this is exactly why voters need to believe in their party in Ohio instead of treating every race as an independent free-for-all. He defeated longtime incumbent Cindy Carpenter in the May primary by 72% to 28%, a historic margin according to local GOP leaders, then carried the general with roughly 57.2–57.3% (around 78,000–82,000 votes) over Democrat Mike Miller’s 42.7–42.8%. Miller, a Fairfield Township resident and first-time candidate, ran as a community volunteer focused on “bad news and controversies.” Ryan, a former Hamilton City Council member and vice mayor who works as a life insurance underwriter, emphasized economic development, lower taxes, and bringing technology and innovation to the county. Nancy Nix held the auditor’s seat with about 59% over Amy Hines. Turnout in Butler County sat near 60%. These were real wins for people who showed up and worked the ground game.

Butler County Still Leans Republican—But the Margins Tell a Story

Ramaswamy carried Butler County in the governor’s race by roughly 52.4% to Amy Acton’s 44.5%, and Warren Davidson held Ohio’s 8th District (which includes much of Butler) with about 52.1% to Vanessa Enoch’s 47.9%. That is far closer than Davidson’s previous margins of 25–38 points. Redistricting added more Democratic-leaning areas from Hamilton County, but the broader pattern is clear: even reliable Republican territory is seeing tighter races. Younger voters under 40 who have been taught that big government will give them free stuff, plus demographic shifts from people who recognize big-government tactics from places they left, are changing the math. I talked to plenty of folks beforehand who said they were not voting or would go for their guns if Democrats won big; some split tickets or stayed home because they had lost faith in the system after years of feeling the pocketbook smash. My own kids in their 30s are still conservative enough, but they did not feel passionate enough about the national tickets to put yard signs out. They blamed high gas prices on Trump and the administration. That is the real-world performance review.

Statewide Ohio: Affordability Wins the Night for Democrats

Amy Acton (D) defeated Vivek Ramaswamy (R) for governor, taking roughly 52% (about 2.4 million votes) to his 44% (about 2.04 million). She becomes the first Democrat elected governor of Ohio in 20 years and the first woman elected to the office. Sherrod Brown (D) beat incumbent Jon Husted (R) for the U.S. Senate by about 50% to 45%. Other statewide races were mixed and often close—Attorney General, Auditor, Secretary of State, Treasurer, and Supreme Court seats all saw competitive results with some Democratic gains or near-misses. Ramaswamy had Trump’s endorsement, strong name recognition from the 2024 primary and DOGE work, and a chance to look strong on the trail. Independents and some conservatives peeled off; he was painted as rich and out of touch, and a late attack ad featuring Acton’s estranged mother backfired hard with many Republicans. Acton, the former Ohio Department of Health director during the early COVID response, ran on affordability, ending corruption, and tax cuts for working families. Socialism’s populist platform—free stuff, nanny state, big taxes—won the argument where Republicans did not counter it decisively. I said all along that Vivek needed to come down to the trail and connect on results; the national and state numbers show why.

National Results: Democrats Seize the House and Senate

Democrats took control of both the U.S. House and Senate in a historic blue wave. They flipped Senate seats in places like Kansas (first Democratic senator since 1932), Texas, Iowa, South Carolina, Ohio (Brown), and others, ending up with a clear majority (projections around 54 seats). In the House they flipped more than two dozen seats, many in Trump-won districts, and are projected well above the 218 needed. Mike Johnson was reelected in his Louisiana district but the majority is gone; his future as the top House Republican is uncertain as others position for minority leader. This is what happens when you do not protect the turf. Johnson and the leadership did not treat voter problems—especially gerrymandering fights and the need to fight hard on redistricting and election integrity—seriously enough. They played softball while Democrats played smash-mouth war-room politics. You cannot let the enemy stick around and then complain when they smash your mouth. People wanted action: Fauci still free, no real accountability on past COVID and election issues, and no decisive delivery on costs. Trump’s rallies and tough talk are not big-time wrestling. When you are in the White House, voters hold you to results. Gas prices stayed high years into the administration; people blamed the Iranian conflict (the U.S.-Israel actions beginning in late February 2026 that disrupted oil through the Strait of Hormuz and sent prices soaring), refinery capacity issues, and what looked like price-gouging. Promising money or blaming others does not substitute for lower costs of living. Democrats sabotaged where they could, then ran a campaign blaming Republicans—just as they once managed to pin slavery on the party created to end it. The midterms became a performance review, and Republicans did not get the grade they needed.

Gas Prices, the Iranian War, and Why Pocketbooks Overrode Everything Else

National average gas prices rose roughly 40% or more after the Iran conflict began, with Ohio seeing increases in the 35–48% range in key reporting. Average prices sat well above $4 a gallon in many places heading into Election Day; diesel spiked even harder in some periods. Inflation ran around 3.7% year-over-year in recent reports, with energy, groceries, and housing all elevated. Ohio households faced hundreds of dollars in extra gas costs alone from the war-related surge, on top of broader cost pressures. Trump’s administration had mechanisms—refinery capacity explanations, pressure on oil companies, clear defense of why the Iranian actions were necessary against a terrorist, Marxist, Muslim-fundamentalist regime that suppresses its own people—but they did not hammer those points hard enough or long enough for average voters. Bill Riley and others had been warning about this forever. People understand that Brent crude and gasoline are too high; complex geopolitics is harder. They ran on bringing prices down. Two years later the sabotaging by Democrats was coming to fruition, and Republicans cried foul instead of delivering smash-mouth victories people could point to. Victims look weak. Winners who lower the cost of filling the tank and putting food on the table keep their majorities.

Demographic Shifts, New Faces, and the Socialism Taught in Schools

Butler County still delivered for local Republicans, but the closer-than-usual margins at the start of the night were a scare for people used to double-digit wins. New faces less invested in long-time county politics, younger voters steeped in public-school socialism (“big government will give you stuff”), and people from places where they already lived under heavy government recognize the Democratic playbook and vote accordingly—even if their English is limited. Split-ticket voting was real. Many traditional Trump supporters showed up but without the enthusiasm of past cycles because they had not seen the results they were promised. Democrats ran a base campaign focused on affordability grievances without owning the sabotage that helped create them. Christianity and traditional measures are under pressure from a strategy that tries to hijack the language while embracing far worse ideologies; I have been covering the value of Christianity against this for a reason. We are told to abandon strong resolutions against evil while embracing something far more dangerous. That ridiculousness was on the ballot, and voters looking for a strong government that lowers costs chose the option that promised free stuff.

Party Unity, Smash-Mouth Politics, and the Path Forward

Republicans need to pull together, put differences aside, and build a party people invest in and feel good about. Do not primary your own candidates two or three days before an election. Get behind the people on the ballot for statewide races. Defend the turf on issues like FirstEnergy-style deals or redistricting instead of playing defense after the fact. Deliver real victories—low gas prices, controlled costs, accountability—that people can watch and believe. Crying foul and drawing offside penalties does not move the ball. When you lose the big seats, the punching comes too late. Locally we had wins worth being proud of: Michael Ryan’s campaign and victory, Nix’s hold, Davidson’s narrow retention. Statewide and nationally the lesson is clear—socialism’s populist platform (the one Bernie Sanders showed could work) is now mainstream Democratic strategy, and it advances when Republicans fail to give people something better to invest in. Elections are always interesting; they show you what your society has become. We have learned that the high costs in the background will hurt for a long time if Democrats now put the screws to everything. The people who wanted results and strength did not get enough of them from the national ticket. That is why the midterms of 2026 went the way they did.

Footnotes

1.  Unofficial Butler County Board of Elections and Journal-News reporting: Michael Ryan 57.2% over Mike Miller 42.8%; primary win over Cindy Carpenter 72–28. Commissioner oversees ~$563 million budget and nearly 1,900 employees. Salary ~$112,502 in 2027.

2.  Nancy Nix (R) ~59% over Amy Hines (D) ~41% for auditor.

3.  Butler County turnout reported just under 60%.

4.  Ohio Secretary of State / local results: Ramaswamy carried Butler County ~52.4% to Acton’s ~44.5%. Statewide Acton ~52% (≈2.4M) to Ramaswamy ~44% (≈2.04M); first Democratic governor in 20 years and first woman elected.

5.  Warren Davidson (OH-8) ≈52.1% to Vanessa Enoch ≈47.9% (unofficial). Previous margins far larger; redistricting noted as a factor.

6.  Sherrod Brown (D) ≈50% over Jon Husted (R) ≈45% for U.S. Senate.

7.  National projections (AP, CNN, Axios, Politico, Ballotpedia summaries as of Nov. 4, 2026): Democrats control House (projections 220+ to well above 218) and Senate (≈54 seats after multiple flips including Kansas, Texas, Iowa, South Carolina, Ohio). Mike Johnson reelected in LA-4 but loses majority.

8.  Gas price and inflation context: National averages rose ~40%+ post-late-February 2026 Iran-related conflict (Strait of Hormuz disruptions); Ohio increases in the 35–48% range reported; prices commonly above $4/gallon. CPI ~3.7% year-over-year in recent data. Multiple outlets (Fox, NBC, Reuters, Washington Post, Joint Economic Committee analyses) linked affordability/gas to midterm voter anger.

9.  Acton background and campaign: Former Ohio Department of Health director; campaign focused on affordability and working-family relief. Controversial Ramaswamy ad featuring estranged mother widely reported as backfiring.

10.  Local Butler County results page and Journal-News confirm Ryan, Nix, and related county outcomes. Statewide numbers consistent across WKRC, Dispatch, Ballotpedia, and Secretary of State feeds as of early Nov. 4.

Selected Bibliography / Further Reading

•  Butler County Board of Elections unofficial results and Journal-News coverage of commissioner and auditor races (Nov. 3–4, 2026).

•  Ohio Secretary of State election night results and county-level feeds.

•  National reporting: Associated Press, CNN, Axios, Politico, Ballotpedia midterm summaries (Nov. 3–4, 2026).

•  Economic context: AAA/EIA gas price data, CPI reports, and analyses from NBC News, Fox News, Reuters, and congressional Joint Economic Committee materials on Ohio household costs.

•  Campaign and candidate background pieces from Journal-News (primary and general), Cincinnati Enquirer, and statewide outlets on Ramaswamy-Acton and Brown-Husted.

•  Historical comparisons on Ohio gubernatorial and Senate control (last Democratic governor 2006; prior Senate patterns).

Rich Hoffman

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Click Here to Protect Yourself with Second Call Defense https://www.secondcalldefense.org/?affiliate=20707

About the Author: Rich Hoffman

Rich Hoffman is an author, political consultant, and strategic advisor based in Cincinnati, Ohio, and the creator of The Politics of Heaven—a unique framework that connects biblical theology, ancient history, and modern power structures to explain how moral alignment and spiritual forces shape global events. Blending real-world political experience with deep research into archaeology, UFO phenomena, and suppressed historical narratives, Hoffman offers compelling commentary on topics ranging from ancient civilizations and the Dead Sea Scrolls to modern populist movements, paranormal continuity, and leadership strategy in chaotic environments. As the author of The Gunfighter’s Guide to Business and the forthcoming Politics of Heaven, he brings a grounded yet provocative voice to media discussions, supported by firsthand experiences and a cross-disciplinary approach that bridges science, history, and theology. For interviews, speaking engagements, or expert analysis, visit richhoffmanbooks.com or contact directly by email at rhoffman@richhoffmanbooks.com.  If you’ve seen the movie, Disclosure Day and want to talk about it and the implications of Presidnet Trump’s UAP disclosures, let me know and we can bring some color to your coverage. https://richhoffmanbooks.com/media-inquiries-broadcast-topics-and-contact-info/?frame-nonce=ad51e7ecba I do have a firsthand UFO encounter to discuss.

The Math Problem Democrats Couldn’t Solve on Election Day 2026: Why Same-Day Voting Exposed the Illusion of a Larger Coalition

On Election Day 2026, the numbers told a clearer story than the early-vote headlines or the media’s pre-election framing. I told people on election eve that I would rather be a Republican than a Democrat going into the final hours. The reason was simple arithmetic, not spin. Democrats had front-loaded what they had. They borrowed from their own limited voter bank to create early-vote optics, and when the same-day tallies began to roll in, the tank was emptier than their strategy required.

Early Voting as a Borrowed-Time Strategy

Democrats and their allies treated early and mail voting as a way to bank votes, publish encouraging numbers, and energize what remained of their base. Nationally, early ballots set a midterm record—more than 50 million cast before November 3, according to University of Florida Election Lab tracking and contemporaneous reports.  In states that report party affiliation of early voters, registered Democrats often led the early returns. In Ohio, more than 1.7 million people voted early, another record. Roughly 48 percent of registered Democrats had already cast ballots versus about 32 percent of registered Republicans, with unaffiliated voters forming the largest single group.

That looks decisive until you examine what it actually represents. Early voting pulled forward the voters Democrats already possessed. It did not create new ones at scale. The strategy assumed that publishing strong early numbers would produce a surge of additional Democrat turnout on Election Day. Instead, many of the people who vote early are the high-propensity partisans who would have voted anyway. Once those ballots were banked, the remaining pool was thinner. I have watched enough cycles to know that public-relations firms and campaign consultants understand this trade-off; the media often does not.

There Simply Are Not Enough Democrats

In the states that track party registration, Democrats still hold a numerical edge on the rolls—roughly 45 million registered Democrats to about 39 million registered Republicans, with a large independent or unaffiliated bloc in between, per compilations of state data.  That edge is real on paper and concentrated in a handful of large states. It is not the same as a governing majority across the map. Most of the country remains red or red-leaning once you move past the dense urban cores and coastal corridors. People who acquire houses, raise children, and accumulate assets tend to shift toward the party that prioritizes protecting those things. Public-school indoctrination produced a temporary cohort of younger voters who identified as Democrats; life and economic responsibility have eroded that edge for years.

The Democratic Party’s core problem is demographic and ideological. Its activist wing operates as a minority coalition of radical progressives—socialists and cultural revolutionaries under a different label—trying to govern a country that does not share its priorities. They compensate with early-vote concentration, mail-ballot volume, and media amplification. When same-day voting arrives, the math reasserts itself. Republicans do not need every one of their voters to show up in perfect formation. There are simply more of them in the places that decide most races, and they still prefer Election Day.

Ohio, Ramaswamy, and the Local Test

In Ohio the pattern was visible in real time. The state has trended Republican for more than a decade. Vivek Ramaswamy’s campaign for governor faced a well-funded challenge from Amy Acton, and early-vote numbers gave Democrats their expected edge among affiliated voters. Talking with people around the Ramaswamy operation on election eve, the internals confirmed what the public data suggested: Acton’s side had performed relatively better in the early window because they had drawn down their available pool. The remaining Election Day electorate was expected to be substantially more Republican.

Locally, the same dynamic appeared at events in West Chester. At Lori’s Roadhouse—the large country venue that regularly hosts Republican gatherings—I spoke with Greg and Lori and others who run and support the place. These are business owners and ordinary residents who vote Republican primarily because they do not want government expanding into every corner of their lives. They are not ideological hardliners. They show up because the alternative is worse. Darby Boddy was able to attend a Republican event without the previous protection-order complications that had limited her participation. Roger Reynolds was there as well. Wins make coalition management harder, not easier. A big-tent party that includes both producers who simply want to be left alone and more committed conservatives will argue about priorities. That friction is the price of actually having enough people to win.

The Football Analogy and the Final Quarter

Think of it as a football game. Democrats entered the fourth quarter having already used their best plays to stay close on the scoreboard. They were down, with limited time and a thinner roster of remaining voters. Republicans, sitting on a larger overall pool, could afford to wait for the same-day rush. Some races would be closer than preferred; some local outcomes would disappoint. Those were the expected variance in a big-tent coalition. They were not evidence that the underlying math had changed. Media outlets that spent the preceding weeks projecting Democratic momentum suddenly discovered, once the Election Day reports began arriving, that the projected wave was smaller than advertised. I had been saying the same thing for weeks because the registration numbers, the historical turnout patterns, and the strategic incentives were already visible.

What the Win Does Not Solve

A Republican-leaning night does not eliminate the internal arguments. Different people join the coalition for different reasons. Some want aggressive cultural pushback. Others want lower taxes, fewer regulations, and the ability to run a business or raise a family without constant interference. Managing that after victories is harder than managing it while losing, because the losers have fewer people to fight among. Democrats would prefer to have that problem. They do not, which is why their strategy relies on concentrating their existing voters, amplifying them through media, and hoping the early numbers create the appearance of a larger force than actually exists.

The 2026 results, as they came in, confirmed the structural reality I described on election eve. There are more Americans who affiliate with, or default to, the Republican side once they have something to protect. Early voting is a useful tool. It is not a substitute for a larger coalition. When the same-day votes were counted, the math reasserted itself.

Bibliography and Further Reading

•  University of Florida Election Lab early-vote tracking and state-level party affiliation reports for the 2026 cycle.

•  Ohio Secretary of State absentee and early-vote files (daily updates through early November 2026), showing partisan affiliation of returned ballots.

•  Ballotpedia and state election-office compilations of registered voters by party in the 31 states that report affiliation.

•  Contemporary reporting from the Columbus Dispatch, Cincinnati Enquirer, and national outlets on Ohio early-vote totals and the Ramaswamy–Acton contest.

•  Historical midterm turnout analyses comparing 2018, 2022, and 2026 early versus Election Day shares.

•  County-level early-vote data from Butler County and surrounding areas relevant to West Chester and local Republican events.

Footnotes

1.  National early-vote totals exceeding 50 million and state-level party splits drawn from University of Florida Election Lab and contemporaneous aggregators as of November 3, 2026.

2.  Ohio early-vote figures of more than 1.7 million, with higher Democratic share among affiliated voters, from Ohio Secretary of State data reported in the Columbus Dispatch and related coverage.

3.  National party-registration estimates (approximately 45 million Democrats, 39 million Republicans in reporting states) compiled from state election offices and secondary aggregations.

4.  Local observations from West Chester events at Lori’s Roadhouse and conversations with Ramaswamy campaign affiliates on election eve, consistent with public early-vote patterns in Ohio.

5.  Standard midterm pattern in which Election Day electorates are more Republican than early/mail electorates, documented across multiple cycles in states that report mode of voting by party.

Rich Hoffman

More about me

Click Here to Protect Yourself with Second Call Defense https://www.secondcalldefense.org/?affiliate=20707

About the Author: Rich Hoffman

Rich Hoffman is an author, political consultant, and strategic advisor based in Cincinnati, Ohio, and the creator of The Politics of Heaven—a unique framework that connects biblical theology, ancient history, and modern power structures to explain how moral alignment and spiritual forces shape global events. Blending real-world political experience with deep research into archaeology, UFO phenomena, and suppressed historical narratives, Hoffman offers compelling commentary on topics ranging from ancient civilizations and the Dead Sea Scrolls to modern populist movements, paranormal continuity, and leadership strategy in chaotic environments. As the author of The Gunfighter’s Guide to Business and the forthcoming Politics of Heaven, he brings a grounded yet provocative voice to media discussions, supported by firsthand experiences and a cross-disciplinary approach that bridges science, history, and theology. For interviews, speaking engagements, or expert analysis, visit richhoffmanbooks.com or contact directly by email at rhoffman@richhoffmanbooks.com.  If you’ve seen the movie, Disclosure Day and want to talk about it and the implications of Presidnet Trump’s UAP disclosures, let me know and we can bring some color to your coverage. https://richhoffmanbooks.com/media-inquiries-broadcast-topics-and-contact-info/?frame-nonce=ad51e7ecba I do have a firsthand UFO encounter to discuss.

The Overton Window Has Moved: A Fair Warning on the Future of the Republican Party in Butler County

I recently met with people who care about the future of the Republican Party in Butler County. We talked about the direction of things, and I agreed on nine out of ten points. Then I said something I have been saying for a long time. Some people poo-poo my name and run Facebook campaigns to frustrate anyone who lines up with me. It does not matter. Whether two people stand behind me or twenty thousand, I am going to do what I am going to do, and people will listen. Ironically, I am now considered a voice of reason in Republican politics. Ten years ago that would not have been the case. The Overton window has moved, and I knew this was coming.

Politics has changed. You had Steve Bannon on the War Room, Charlie Kirk’s work, and of course the daily reality of Trump. Those forces shifted what is acceptable to say and what voters will reward. I heard someone the other day say that, while working for a certain administration, they only had the W. Bush playbook for managing a crisis. Look at the Bushes, the Romneys, the McCains, the McConnells. A lot of those people are not heard from the same way anymore. People who say, “I just did that,” and think the old rules still apply are discovering the ground has shifted beneath them.

I have a pretty extensive vocabulary. I do not need to cuss or make threats of killing people to make my point. I can get my argument across to anyone, at any level of society, under any condition. That frustrates my opponents. They expect the other side to lose their mind or reach for violence so they can claim the moral high ground. It is the same argument I have made about efforts to undermine Western civilization from within: people who want to use our Constitution and our free-speech rules as tools to destroy us, counting on the fact that we will not retaliate in kind. You have to make the arguments without getting violent and without losing your mind. When you have known people as long as I have, you also discover that they end up in campaigns against each other. It is hard to pick sides when you like people on both ends. You stay on policy, and you stay on the behavior you need out of your government.

After talking with Art, the chairman in Butler County, and others, I can tell you the party’s direction. You are not going to ostracize the pure types out of it. Some people work in the background that the old orthodox politics never liked because they don’t play well in every room. I call them political purists. Ironically, I find myself on the more establishment side of some of these arguments these days, which even bewilders me. That is where I landed after the conversations. Art represents what I hear when I go around the county and talk to people.

I have been on the pointed end of controversy for a long time. People come up to me at gas pumps and tell me they love the blog and what I say. It happens at Costco. It happened at a local station the other day. More people are stopping me this year than ever before. They are tired of the dishonest media. They are realizing how corrupt so much of the system has been, and they feel they finally have permission to defend what they actually believe. They are awakening.

Look at someone like Darbi Boddy. She was a school board member who should still be there doing good work. A judge and other Republicans helped remove her. If she had stayed, some of those stupid school levies would have had to think twice before putting them on the ballot. People like her will help as trustees or in other positions. She won’t be the only one. There is going to be a parade of them. Conservatives used to be called something else. The old days of party alliances built mostly around business owners who didn’t want to be regulated out of existence will always have a presence. But you are going to find more people who hold purer ideas than before. When Trump is no longer there to absorb all the heavy criticism, they will come out more clearly. These Republicans have been out there for a long time. I did a lot of the early groundwork in this area. The people coming up now, the ones getting interested in politics, are going to be a lot less prone to compromise. I am the one preaching compromise these days because that is what the work requires.

If you want a friend, get a dog. If you want to get things done, you get into politics. Not everybody is going to get along. Debate and argument are part of the deal. It is not always pleasant. The Republican Party as it existed twenty years ago was, in a lot of ways, closer to what a lot of Democrats sound like on any given day now. As I talk to people in Warren County and Butler County, more of them are telling me they love what I say. They feel the White House is finally aligned with something they recognize. They are engaged.

The people getting into politics now are much more like Darby Boddy than the traditional business owner who wants to be left alone. They read the Bible. I have been saying more lately about figures like Jonathan Edwards and the idea of unifying people around biblical principles—not that you have to hold a prayer session after every meeting, but that more of the people walking in the door want that custom of mind. I support that direction over the pure career-politician path. County commissioners, trustees, the whole local layer is going to change. Michael Ryan is not particularly controversial. He is a good guy all the way around. He represents a younger generation, and more people coming into his orbit are younger still.

We have had a lot of people who have been in politics a long time. Now you have people in their twenties and forties who grew up on Glenn Beck and Mark Levin. They do not even know who Rush Limbaugh was in the same way. They know Charlie Kirk. It is a whole new generation, and they are very conservative. There are people younger than that—under twenty-five—who are not happy with what previous generations allowed. They are angry. As they get involved, the system will discover that angry people vote for angry people. The idea of walking the middle line to pick up a few blue votes will be tested. I expect the Westchester trustee race next year will become a debate between anger and lashing out versus the middle path that tries to win by not offending anyone. People are going to be surprised.

I personally like Art. I like Sheriff Jones. I like Nancy Nix. I love George Lang. I also like Darbi Boddy. If you do not know who Kristi Ertle is, look her up. These are solid people who are in it for the right reasons. I have had hours of conversations with them. They are getting involved for the reasons I care about. My position is to step out of the personality fights. Nobody cares what happened ten years ago except as a lesson. This next generation of political ideology is going to be rambunctious. They grew up on Trump. They grew up not trusting the media. They do not want to play with Democrats. That is where it is going.

This is a fair warning. Many people getting involved in politics now do not play well in the sandbox. We are going to get through this election. We are going to do well. Then we will establish the path forward. Party politics is a tricky business. Art has strong opinions, and he is getting involved for good reasons. The people around him aren’t the fighters from yesterday. They are not going to be easy to control. It will be different, and everyone will have to adjust. That is where the Republican Party is headed in Butler County. The people who cut their grass in the spring, summer, and fall—the people in the houses—will get the representative government they want. Party affiliation is not always going to be nice. I think that is good for the voters.

Footnotes

1.  The Overton window concept, originally developed by Joseph Overton at the Mackinac Center for Public Policy, describes the range of policies politically acceptable to the mainstream at any given time. The shift described here tracks the movement from the post-9/11 Bush-era consensus through the Tea Party, the Trump presidency, and the post-2020 realignment.

2.  References to Steve Bannon’s War Room, Charlie Kirk’s Turning Point USA, and the Trump administration’s daily communications reflect publicly documented influences on Republican messaging and primary voter behavior from 2016 onward.

3.  Darbi Boddy served on the Lakota Local Schools Board of Education in Butler County. Her tenure and subsequent removal drew public controversy in local Ohio media over school board governance, curriculum, and related disputes.

4.  Local reactions at gas stations, Costco, and similar venues are anecdotal but consistent with broader polling on declining trust in traditional media and rising engagement among Republican-leaning voters in suburban and exurban Ohio counties (see related public polling from sources such as Rasmussen, Trafalgar, and Ohio-specific surveys).

5.  Generational references to audiences shaped by Glenn Beck, Mark Levin, and Charlie Kirk rather than earlier talk-radio figures track documented audience demographics of those programs and the growth of digital conservative media post-2010.

6.  Mentions of specific Butler County figures (Art as local party chairman, Sheriff Jones, Nancy Nix, George Lang, Michael Ryan, Kristi Ertle) reflect the author’s direct conversations and publicly known local political roles as of late 2026.

Bibliography for Further Reading

•  Overton, Joseph P. (concept development). Mackinac Center for Public Policy materials on the Overton Window.

•  Bannon, Steve. War Room podcast archives and related writings on populist realignment.

•  Kirk, Charlie. The MAGA Doctrine and Turning Point USA materials on campus and youth conservative organizing.

•  Levin, Mark. Liberty and Tyranny and American Marxism.

•  Beck, Glenn. Selected works and radio/television archives on progressive institutional capture.

•  Trump, Donald J. Public speeches, executive actions, and campaign materials 2015–present on media, immigration, and institutional reform.

•  Local Butler County and Lakota Schools reporting (Journal-News, Cincinnati Enquirer archives) on school board controversies involving Darbi Boddy and related levy fights.

•  Pew Research Center and Gallup longitudinal data on declining institutional trust, media credibility, and partisan sorting in the United States (2010–2026).

•  Ohio Secretary of State and Butler County Board of Elections public records on recent local races and voter turnout trends in suburban townships.

•  Edwards, Jonathan. Selected sermons and writings on religious affections and moral formation (historical primary sources frequently referenced in contemporary conservative religious commentary).

•  Hoffman, Rich. The Gunfighter’s Guide to Business and related essays on individual agency, institutional incentives, and political strategy.

Rich Hoffman

More about me

Click Here to Protect Yourself with Second Call Defense https://www.secondcalldefense.org/?affiliate=20707

About the Author: Rich Hoffman

Rich Hoffman is an author, political consultant, and strategic advisor based in Cincinnati, Ohio, and the creator of The Politics of Heaven—a unique framework that connects biblical theology, ancient history, and modern power structures to explain how moral alignment and spiritual forces shape global events. Blending real-world political experience with deep research into archaeology, UFO phenomena, and suppressed historical narratives, Hoffman offers compelling commentary on topics ranging from ancient civilizations and the Dead Sea Scrolls to modern populist movements, paranormal continuity, and leadership strategy in chaotic environments. As the author of The Gunfighter’s Guide to Business and the forthcoming Politics of Heaven, he brings a grounded yet provocative voice to media discussions, supported by firsthand experiences and a cross-disciplinary approach that bridges science, history, and theology. For interviews, speaking engagements, or expert analysis, visit richhoffmanbooks.com or contact directly by email at rhoffman@richhoffmanbooks.com.  If you’ve seen the movie, Disclosure Day and want to talk about it and the implications of Presidnet Trump’s UAP disclosures, let me know and we can bring some color to your coverage. https://richhoffmanbooks.com/media-inquiries-broadcast-topics-and-contact-info/?frame-nonce=ad51e7ecba I do have a firsthand UFO encounter to discuss.

Podcast Episode: Politics, Health, And Fear

Pip: The Overmanwarrior is covering election eve in Ohio, the price of gas, ancient skull cults, and the case for owning a good ratchet — which is either a very broad week or a very honest one.

Mara: Rich Hoffman has been busy. This episode moves through Ohio campaign politics and what’s actually at stake on election day, into the economics of refinery capacity and healthcare costs, and then into the deeper question of how fear functions as a tool of social control. Let’s start with the race for Ohio governor.

Ohio on the Eve: Vivek, Turnout, and the Violence Question

Pip: The core tension in the election-eve post isn’t really about Vivek Ramaswamy versus Amy Acton. It’s about a quieter and more unsettling question: why should people who’ve lost faith in the ballot bother voting at all?

Mara: The post opens at Lori’s Roadhouse in West Chester after Ramaswamy’s final campaign stop, and the message from the stage was simple. As it’s put directly: “The encouragement from the stage was simple: go vote, and call your friends and neighbors to do the same.”

Pip: And then comes the harder conversation — the one that happened off-stage, with people between the cities who are not deeply interested in politics and whose question was: why go vote?

Mara: Right. The concern isn’t Republican turnout math, though that’s addressed too — the argument is that Republicans far outnumber Democrats in Ohio if they show up. The deeper worry is people who’ve already concluded the system is broken enough that violence feels more logical than voting.

Mara: The healthcare piece connects here — a Ramaswamy administration, it’s argued, could give Republicans a concrete governing story by applying SpaceX-style cost reduction to cancer treatment, making the ballot feel like it produces something tangible rather than just holding the line.

Pip: So the ask is: vote before you feel you have to do something worse. That’s a more honest get-out-the-vote message than most.

Mara: And the closing line lands the stakes plainly — voting is described as the most peaceful way to maintain representative government, and the alternative some people are already contemplating is treated as a real and present danger, not a rhetorical flourish.

Pip: The refinery question has the same structure underneath it — a constraint that policy created, and a cost ordinary people pay every time they fill up.

Herbie at the Pump: Refinery Constraints and the Cost of Protected Systems

Pip: Gas prices stay high even when crude supply isn’t the problem — so what is the actual bottleneck, and who built it?

Mara: The anchor here is Eliyahu Goldratt’s Theory of Constraints, applied directly to American fuel markets. The argument is stated plainly: “In American fuel markets right now, refining capacity is Herbie. We have enough crude. We do not have enough slack in the plants that process it, and the policy environment that created that condition has been running for decades.”

Pip: So the constraint isn’t geology — it’s the regulatory and capital environment that made building new refineries a losing bet for fifty years.

Mara: The numbers make that concrete. In 1982 the U.S. had 301 operable refineries. As of January 2026, roughly 130 remain. Capacity barely grew because the industry consolidated into fewer, larger plants. And utilization has been running above 93 percent, hitting over 95 percent for most of the summer of 2026 — the highest sustained rate since 1998. There’s almost no buffer left.

Pip: No slack in the system at all.

Mara: Which is why California illustrates the extreme case. Phillips 66 and Valero have both closed or are closing major West Coast plants — removing several hundred thousand barrels per day of capacity — because the regulatory stack made continued operation less profitable than shutting down. California regular was near $5.89 while the national average sat around $4.27.

Mara: The piece “Don’t Squander the SpaceX Gift” draws the same line into healthcare — hospitals billing $722 for an IV push on a medication billed separately, a cost-plus culture as entrenched in medicine as it once was in aerospace, and the argument that competitive models will eventually force the same reckoning that SpaceX forced on rockets.

Pip: The upshot is that the constraint in both cases was engineered by policy, which means it can be changed by policy — but only if someone’s willing to admit that’s what happened. That’s where the culture question comes in.

Fear as Software: Control, the Haunt, and the Politics of Heaven

Pip: This is the widest segment — it starts with Jason Voorhees at Kings Island and ends somewhere near ancient Canaanite skull cults, which is either a long walk or a very short one depending on your priors.

Mara: The post “The Politics of Fear” frames the whole project explicitly. It describes the argument as: “non-human intelligence — whether framed as demons, interdimensional entities, or residual ‘software’ written into human cognition — operates primarily through fear, peer pressure, and mythic narratives.”

Pip: So fear isn’t just an emotion — it’s a control mechanism, and the haunted house is a laboratory for watching it work in real time.

Mara: That’s the method. Working as Jason Voorhees in the Kings Island Blood Reign maze across roughly 22 operating nights gave a large sample of human behavior under controlled terror. The observation is that guests who knew exactly where Jason was still jumped — and that the bounded certainty of the scare itself provided relief from more diffuse everyday fears.

Pip: And the gendered responses under that pressure are treated as data, not anecdote — mapped onto older patterns of appeasement and status-seeking under conditions of uncertainty.

Mara: The companion piece, “Jason at Kings Island and the Rules of the Haunted House,” draws the political parallel directly: some guests, once they understood the rules protected them absolutely, became rambunctious and tested the boundary. The argument is that the same asymmetry operates when a group uses a host culture’s free-exercise rules as a shield while its own foundational norms don’t reciprocate those protections.

Pip: The rules can be used against the people who wrote them — and naming that asymmetry is treated as the necessary first move.

Mara: Then “The Tool Belt Life” comes at the same problem from the ground up. The administrative state, the argument goes, trains people to manage decline rather than fix things — and the correction starts with people who still know how to put a tool belt on. The happiest periods described are the ones spent in machine shops and gunsmithing bays, where the problem is visible and the feedback is immediate.

Pip: Calloused hands as a counter-narrative to institutional capture. The fear segment and the tool belt piece are making the same point from opposite ends — one about what controls people, one about what frees them.

Mara: And both connect back to the ballot. If you understand the mechanism — whether it’s a refinery bottleneck, a billing regime, or a social control system — you can address the actual constraint instead of yelling at the wrong variable.

Pip: The thread across all of this is the same: find the real bottleneck, name it honestly, and don’t let the rules be used to prevent you from doing that.

Mara: Whether it’s refinery capacity, cancer treatment costs, or the question of who shows up to vote — the argument is that the constraint was built, which means it can be dismantled. Next episode we’ll see what comes after election day.

Rich Hoffman

More about me

Click Here to Protect Yourself with Second Call Defense https://www.secondcalldefense.org/?affiliate=20707

About the Author: Rich Hoffman

Rich Hoffman is an author, political consultant, and strategic advisor based in Cincinnati, Ohio, and the creator of The Politics of Heaven—a unique framework that connects biblical theology, ancient history, and modern power structures to explain how moral alignment and spiritual forces shape global events. Blending real-world political experience with deep research into archaeology, UFO phenomena, and suppressed historical narratives, Hoffman offers compelling commentary on topics ranging from ancient civilizations and the Dead Sea Scrolls to modern populist movements, paranormal continuity, and leadership strategy in chaotic environments. As the author of The Gunfighter’s Guide to Business and the forthcoming Politics of Heaven, he brings a grounded yet provocative voice to media discussions, supported by firsthand experiences and a cross-disciplinary approach that bridges science, history, and theology. For interviews, speaking engagements, or expert analysis, visit richhoffmanbooks.com or contact directly via phone at 513-307-5815 or email at rhoffman@richhoffmanbooks.com.  If you’ve seen the movie, Disclosure Day and want to talk about it and the implications of Presidnet Trump’s UAP disclosures, let me know and we can bring some color to your coverage. https://richhoffmanbooks.com/media-inquiries-broadcast-topics-and-contact-info/?frame-nonce=ad51e7ecba I do have a firsthand UFO encounter to discuss.

Vote Like Your Life Depends on It: Reflections from Vivek Ramaswamy’s Final Campaign Stop on the Eve of the 2026 Election

https://rumble.com/v7hscum-just-vite.html

I just returned from Lori’s Roadhouse in West Chester, Ohio, after Vivek Ramaswamy’s last campaign stop before the election. A number of Ohio officeholders came out to speak alongside him. The speech was long—longer than ideal for people already heading out to vote—so I will condense the essence of what I heard and what I discussed with people there and afterward.[1]

Lori’s Roadhouse continues to do great things for these kinds of events. The place was packed with signs and energy in a way Amy Acton could never have matched. You will not see that kind of coverage on the news or on Fox, but the basics are clear. The encouragement from the stage was simple: go vote, and call your friends and neighbors to do the same. That is the message I am giving my readers and viewers right now.

I have watched Vivek grow into this role over the years. He was right when he noted in his speech that the campaign launched just a few miles from Lori’s Roadhouse—at the business I ran. I was proud he chose that location, and it was bittersweet to see the campaign season come full circle there. The owners are good people, and every event held there has been excellent. The crowd was energetic, and Vivek appeared in a way many people had not seen before.

The Numbers Game and Republican Advantage in Ohio

This election is a numbers game. If Republicans show up even moderately, they far outnumber Democrats in Ohio. That is why Democrats know they have to stretch every process. Amy Acton is a disaster; I have said so from the beginning. She is the lockdown lady, a horrible candidate who simply does not have the goods down the stretch.[2]

In the numbers, Vivek is well ahead in the places that matter. Acton is not performing well in the counties she needs to overcome him, and those counties will not deliver the numbers required on Election Day. From conversations with people who know the internals the media does not report, the race is well in hand for Republicans if turnout materializes. That also means strength for other races on the ticket.

It is much scarier for Democrats heading into this election than for Republicans. There are simply more Republicans. But if people sit on their hands, representation can still be lost. Do not take anything for granted.

Conversations That Reveal a Dangerous Frustration

The part that concerns me most is what I heard today from people who are not deeply interested in politics—people who live between the cities, who do not know many Democrats, do not want to work with them, and have no desire to break bread with them. Their question to me was: why go vote?

Voting is the most peaceful way to maintain representative government. Their illusion is that nothing will improve until people grab guns, take violence into the streets, and reclaim the country from radicals. George Soros and others have funded efforts that damage Western civilization; evil is at work.[3] But on this election eve in 2026, I believe the best way to maintain self-government is still to vote—not to turn to violence.

Most of the people I spoke with, especially those between the cities, think it has to come to violence before they get their country back. If Democrats thought January 6 was terrible, that was mild compared with what some of these people are thinking. I try to tell them that violence can be avoided by voting. Their response is often that it will be cheated anyway, so who cares.

What’s at Stake: Civility Over Violence

What is at stake is civility itself. If you want a civil society, go vote before you feel you have to grab the guns and take it back with bloodshed the way the Revolution once required. It is yours to hold; you simply have to get up and go. You have to do it at presidential-level turnout.

After the event at Lori’s Roadhouse and the conversations I had, the picture looks strong for Republicans in Ohio if people show up. Republicans way outnumber Democrats, but if you stay home, the other side will represent you because they are the ones voting. Voting is easy. Maintaining self-government through legislative means is far better than the alternatives.

I talked to more than one person today who alluded to having a shell full of ammunition ready to “take care of” the Marxists and communists. That is not a good sign. Giving up on self-rule through the ballot is not a good thing. The other side wants people of Western civilization to abandon peaceful means. Do not give that to them.

A Personal Call to Action

I am telling everyone who watches me, reads me, or listens to me: to maintain civility and protect Western civilization, just get up and go vote. Vote for Republicans, not Democrats. Vote down tax increases. Vote for Vivek Ramaswamy. Things will be much better in Ohio with him as governor, and better in the wider world.

I remember when I first saw the campaign signs—very techie—when he was putting up the art at my business for the rally that opened his governor’s race. I am happy to see it come full circle, and I will be happy to see him as governor of Ohio.

A few months ago I saw Vivek walk into a little restaurant with almost no security. We had a nice personal conversation, and few people reacted. At Lori’s Roadhouse it was governor-level security, a Secret Service-style entourage, and a posse that made it hard to get close. It was strange, but it is exciting. I think he is going to win—but only if people show up.

Do not leave it to other people to decide for you. Vote like your life depends on it, because in a lot of ways it does. We do not want a society that turns to violence in order to maintain self-government. Go vote for the 2026 election.

Footnotes

[1] The event was held at Lori’s Roadhouse in West Chester Township, Butler County, Ohio. Local coverage and posts confirmed the rally timing on the final day of campaigning.

[2] Public polling averages in late October and early November 2026 generally showed Amy Acton with a narrow lead (roughly 2–7 points depending on the pollster), though some surveys were tighter or showed Ramaswamy ahead. Ohio does not have formal party registration; affiliation is determined by primary ballot choice. Early-voting data showed Democrats returning a higher share of ballots than Republicans through late October, with unaffiliated voters forming a large bloc. The author’s assessment relies on claimed internal numbers and county-level expectations not reflected in the public averages.

[3] References to funding of progressive causes and election-related efforts by George Soros and associated networks appear widely in conservative commentary and investigative reporting on philanthropy and political spending.

Bibliography for Further Reading

Ramaswamy, Vivek. Woke, Inc.: Inside Corporate America’s Social Justice Scam. Center Street, 2021.

Ramaswamy, Vivek. Nation of Victims: Identity Politics, the Death of Merit, and the Path Back to Excellence. Center Street, 2022.

Ramaswamy, Vivek. Capitalist Punishment: How Wall Street Is Using Your Money to Create a Country You Didn’t Vote For. HarperCollins, 2023.

Ramaswamy, Vivek. Truths: The Future of America First. Simon & Schuster, 2024.

Hoffman, Rich. The Gunfighter’s Guide to Business. (Author’s work on leadership, individual responsibility, and practical strategy.)

Green, Donald P., and Alan S. Gerber. Get Out the Vote: How to Increase Voter Turnout. 4th ed. Brookings Institution Press, 2019.

Hill, David. American Voter Turnout: An Institutional Perspective. Westview Press, 2006.

Rolfe, Meredith. Voter Turnout: A Social Theory of Political Participation. Cambridge University Press, 2012.

Derber, Charles, et al. Turnout!: Mobilizing Voters in an Emergency. Routledge, 2020.

Levitsky, Steven, and Daniel Ziblatt. How Democracies Die. Crown, 2018.

Mayer, Jane. Dark Money: The Hidden History of the Billionaires Behind the Rise of the Radical Right. Doubleday, 2016.

Caplan, Bryan. The Myth of the Rational Voter: Why Democracies Choose Bad Policies. Princeton University Press, 2007.

Achen, Christopher H., and Larry M. Bartels. Democracy for Realists: Why Elections Do Not Produce Responsive Government. Princeton University Press, 2016.

Brennan, Jason. Against Democracy. Princeton University Press, 2016.

Tocqueville, Alexis de. Democracy in America. (Multiple editions; foundational on American civic habits and self-government.)

Madison, James, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay. The Federalist Papers. (Especially essays on factions, republican government, and the dangers of majority tyranny.)

Locke, John. Second Treatise of Government. (On consent, property, and the right to alter or abolish government.)

Federalist Society publications and reports on election integrity and originalism, 2020–2026.

Heritage Foundation Election Integrity Project reports, 2024–2026.

Ohio Secretary of State voter registration and early-voting dashboards (2026 cycle data).

RealClearPolitics, Ballotpedia, and multi-state election trackers for the 2026 Ohio gubernatorial race (polling averages, candidate profiles, and historical context).

Local Ohio reporting from the Cincinnati Enquirer, Columbus Dispatch, and Butler County sources on campaign events and county-level dynamics.

Rich Hoffman

More about me

Click Here to Protect Yourself with Second Call Defense https://www.secondcalldefense.org/?affiliate=20707

About the Author: Rich Hoffman

Rich Hoffman is an author, political consultant, and strategic advisor based in Cincinnati, Ohio, and the creator of The Politics of Heaven—a unique framework that connects biblical theology, ancient history, and modern power structures to explain how moral alignment and spiritual forces shape global events. Blending real-world political experience with deep research into archaeology, UFO phenomena, and suppressed historical narratives, Hoffman offers compelling commentary on topics ranging from ancient civilizations and the Dead Sea Scrolls to modern populist movements, paranormal continuity, and leadership strategy in chaotic environments. As the author of The Gunfighter’s Guide to Business and the forthcoming Politics of Heaven, he brings a grounded yet provocative voice to media discussions, supported by firsthand experiences and a cross-disciplinary approach that bridges science, history, and theology. For interviews, speaking engagements, or expert analysis, visit richhoffmanbooks.com or contact directly via phone at 513-307-5815 or email at rhoffman@richhoffmanbooks.com.  If you’ve seen the movie, Disclosure Day and want to talk about it and the implications of Presidnet Trump’s UAP disclosures, let me know and we can bring some color to your coverage. https://richhoffmanbooks.com/media-inquiries-broadcast-topics-and-contact-info/?frame-nonce=ad51e7ecba I do have a firsthand UFO encounter to discuss.

The Real Herbie at the Pump: Why Refinery Capacity, Not Crude Supply, Explains High Gas Prices

Every election cycle the same conversation plays on cable news and social media. Gas prices are high, so the argument turns to Venezuela, Saudi Arabia, Iran, or domestic drilling. The assumption is that more crude oil automatically means cheaper gasoline at the station. It does not. Crude is the feedstock. The binding constraint is the processing capacity that turns that crude into finished products people actually burn. That constraint has a name in management theory. It is Herbie.

Eliyahu Goldratt’s 1984 book The Goal introduced the Theory of Constraints through a simple story. On a Boy Scout hike, the slowest kid, Herbie, sets the pace for the entire line no matter how fast everyone else can walk. Fix Herbie and throughput improves. Ignore him and every other improvement is wasted. In American fuel markets right now, refining capacity is Herbie. We have enough crude. We do not have enough slack in the plants that process it, and the policy environment that created that condition has been running for decades.[1]

How Many Refineries We Actually Have

As of January 1, 2026, the Energy Information Administration counted roughly 130 operable petroleum refineries in the United States with atmospheric crude distillation capacity near 18.16 million barrels per day.[2][3] That figure sounds substantial until it is stacked against history. In 1982 there were 301 refineries. We have lost roughly 171 plants, a decline of more than half.[4] Capacity barely rose—from about 17.9 million barrels per day then to the current level—because the industry consolidated. The average refinery grew from roughly 59,000 barrels per day to nearly 140,000.

Marathon’s Garyville plant in Louisiana opened in 1977 at about 200,000 barrels per day and now runs over 617,000. ExxonMobil expanded its Beaumont facility in 2023. Fewer doors, bigger rooms. Capacity peaked near 18.98 million barrels per day in January 2020 and has been sliding since.[5] Recent closures accelerated the drop. Phillips 66’s Los Angeles-area refinery (about 139,000 barrels per day) ceased crude processing in late 2025. Valero’s Benicia refinery (roughly 145,000–170,000 barrels per day) is scheduled to shut by spring 2026. Together those two plants alone remove several hundred thousand barrels per day of West Coast capacity in roughly a year and a half. Gross removals since 2020 total around 1.7 million barrels per day even after expansions elsewhere.[6][7]

Utilization, Slack, and Where the Barrels Go

Total operable capacity of 18.16 million barrels per day sounds adequate until you look at actual runs. In mid-October 2026, U.S. refineries were processing about 16.6 million barrels per day of crude—93.4 percent utilization for the week ending October 16. The five-year average sits near 87 percent. Over the summer of 2026 the fleet averaged more than 95 percent from May through September, the highest sustained rate since 1998.[8][9] When plants run that hard there is almost no spare capacity to absorb a hurricane, an unplanned outage, or a sudden demand spike.

Gasoline output is running near 9.8 million barrels per day while domestic gasoline demand sits around 8.7 million. The gap is filled by exports. The United States is now the world’s largest exporter of refined products, shipping more than 1.5 million barrels per day of diesel alone.[10] Those exports are not a conspiracy. They are rational responses to price signals in a market where domestic refining capacity is tight and global product markets are tight. The result is that domestic prices stay elevated even when crude itself is not the bottleneck. Diesel is the sharper pressure point. Harbor diesel crack spreads have run well above gasoline cracks for extended periods because global refining capacity has been constrained by events in the Middle East, Russia, and elsewhere at the same time U.S. plants are already pinned near full utilization.

Why We Do Not Build More

A modern large-scale refinery costs $10–20 billion and takes five to seven years to permit and construct under current rules. Environmental reviews, air permits, water permits, and litigation can kill a project regardless of engineering feasibility. Demand uncertainty compounds the problem. Investors looking at long-term electric-vehicle adoption curves and fuel-efficiency standards are reluctant to underwrite a fifty-year payback on an asset whose primary market is expected to shrink. The last major U.S. refinery built from scratch was Marathon’s Garyville plant in 1977. A small 45,000-barrel-per-day facility in Galveston that started in 2022 is the most recent addition of any size.

The industry responded rationally to the constraints it faced. Companies expanded existing sites where permits were easier and closed plants where compliance costs exceeded returns. That is not a market failure in the classical sense. It is the predictable outcome of policy choices that raised the cost and risk of refining relative to other uses of capital.

California as the Extreme Case

California illustrates the mechanism most clearly. The state has unique fuel specifications, limited pipeline access from the Gulf Coast, and therefore relies heavily on in-state refining or waterborne imports. Recent closures have driven prices well above the national average—California regular has been reported near $5.89 while the national EIA weekly average sat around $4.27 for the week of October 26 and AAA’s daily figure near $4.25. Ohio has been closer to $4.30.[11]

Valero’s CEO was direct: the regulatory and enforcement environment in California is the most stringent and difficult of anywhere else in North America, and the Benicia plant cost considerably more to maintain than the company’s other California facility. The company booked a large impairment before deciding to exit. Phillips 66’s decision followed a similar logic. A stack of rules—the Low Carbon Fuel Standard, cap-and-trade allowance costs, unique CARB fuel specifications, and groundwater remediation requirements—raised operating costs while making long-term expansion unattractive. Proposals that would have given the state energy commission additional control over inventory levels and maintenance schedules added further uncertainty. The asymmetry is striking: imported fuel does not face the same compliance costs as in-state refining. The regulation does not simply raise the price of the product; it makes continued operation of the plant less profitable than shutting it down and sourcing from elsewhere.[12][13]

Herbie, Policy, and the Parallel in Other Energy Markets

The Theory of Constraints applies cleanly. Find the bottleneck, understand what slows it, and address that constraint directly. Yelling at crude suppliers does not remove Herbie when the processing plants are already running above 95 percent. The same logic appears in electricity markets. Nuclear power has been constrained for decades by cost and permitting rather than physics. Solar and wind have become the cheapest sources of new generation in many regions, yet they do not produce when it is dark or calm. The system still requires firm, dispatchable capacity. Policies that make nuclear or additional gas capacity difficult to build leave the grid with its own Herbie—the absence of reliable firm power that can respond when intermittent sources drop.

In both fuels and power, the constraint was engineered. Twenty years of policy aimed at reducing fossil-fuel use made refining and certain forms of firm generation less attractive relative to other investments. Companies responded by allocating capital elsewhere. The resulting tightness is not an accident; it is the outcome the rules produced. Short-term measures—Strategic Petroleum Reserve releases, Defense Production Act funding, temporary import adjustments—can ease acute shortages, but they do not restore spare capacity. Prices remain elevated as long as global refining capacity stays constrained and domestic plants have little slack.

What Actually Moves Prices and What Voters Should Watch

The Iranian conflict and other geopolitical events affect prices, but mainly by providing cover for wider margins when the underlying system is already tight. Lost refining capacity in the Middle East, Russia, and elsewhere removed millions of barrels per day of product supply at the same time U.S. plants were running near maximum. The war did not create the domestic bottleneck; it exposed how little buffer existed.

Long-term solutions fall into two categories. One is regulatory reform that lowers the cost and time required to expand existing plants or build new ones—particularly the unique California rules and the broader permitting gauntlet. That directly addresses Herbie. The other is to accept that large-scale refining will not return under current rules and to accelerate everything downstream of the pump: more efficient vehicles, electrification where it makes sense, and firm low-carbon generation such as nuclear for the broader grid. The first path is faster but requires admitting that prior policy created the constraint. The second path is slower and does not require the same political acknowledgment.

In California the regulatory reversal is unlikely to come from the 2026 governor’s race. Recent polls have shown Democrat Xavier Becerra leading Republican Steve Hilton by roughly 20 to 27 points. No Republican has won statewide office there since Arnold Schwarzenegger in 2006, and even that earlier period did not dismantle the renewable-portfolio and compliance culture that has shaped refining economics. Managing the existing machine is different from removing the constraints that make new capacity unattractive.[14]

The Self-Imposed Constraint

People asking why gasoline is expensive should look at the rules that govern the plants that make it. Crude supply matters, but it is not the binding constraint when refineries are already operating at 93–95 percent utilization and refined products are being exported because domestic capacity is tight. The industry consolidated and closed plants because the combination of high capital cost, long permitting timelines, and ongoing compliance risk made additional capacity a poor investment relative to other options. That outcome was produced by policy. It can be changed by policy.

Smaller, more accountable government that focuses on clear, stable rules rather than continuous regulatory expansion would lower the cost of keeping Herbie moving. The alternative is continued high utilization, continued export of refined products, continued vulnerability to any disruption, and continued arguments about crude supplies that do not address the actual bottleneck. The numbers from the EIA, the closure announcements from Valero and Phillips 66, and the utilization rates reported this year all point to the same place. The constraint is in the processing step, and it was largely created by design.

Footnotes

[1] Goldratt, Eliyahu M., and Jeff Cox. The Goal: A Process of Ongoing Improvement. North River Press, 1984.

[2] U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Refinery Capacity Report data as of January 1, 2026; secondary summaries including Apollo Technical and industry compilations citing EIA tables on operable refineries.

[3] EIA, “Today in Energy” series and related capacity reports noting refining capacity levels near 18.1–18.2 million barrels per day in the mid-2020s.

[4] Historical EIA data and industry summaries confirming approximately 301 operable U.S. refineries in 1982; contemporary counts of ~130 as of early 2026.

[5] EIA historical capacity series and reports on post-2020 declines, including effects of closures and limited expansions.

[6] Phillips 66 announcements (2024–2025) on cessation of operations at its Los Angeles-area refinery (~139,000 bpd) by late 2025; contemporaneous reporting from Reuters and company filings.

[7] Valero Energy announcements and regulatory notices (2025) regarding the Benicia refinery (~145,000–170,000 bpd) shutdown targeted for April 2026; company statements on costs and impairments.

[8] EIA Weekly Petroleum Status Report data for the week ending October 16, 2026, showing ~93.4% utilization; secondary trackers confirming the figure.

[9] EIA “Today in Energy” reports (2026) noting U.S. refinery utilization averaging more than 95% from May through September 2026, the highest since 1998.

[10] EIA petroleum product export data and market analyses documenting U.S. status as the world’s largest exporter of refined products, including significant diesel volumes.

[11] EIA weekly retail gasoline price data (week of October 26, 2026) and AAA daily national averages; state-level figures for California and Ohio from contemporaneous reporting.

[12] Valero CEO public statements (2025) describing California’s regulatory and enforcement environment as the most stringent in North America and citing higher maintenance costs at Benicia.

[13] Phillips 66 and industry reporting on the cumulative effect of California’s Low Carbon Fuel Standard, cap-and-trade, CARB specifications, and related rules on refining economics.

[14] Emerson College Polling, PPIC, SurveyUSA, and RealClearPolitics averages (October 2026) showing Xavier Becerra leading Steve Hilton by approximately 20–27 points in the California gubernatorial race.

Bibliography

Energy Information Administration. Refinery Capacity Report (various years, including data as of January 1, 2025 and January 1, 2026). U.S. Department of Energy. https://www.eia.gov/petroleum/refinerycapacity/

Energy Information Administration. Weekly Petroleum Status Report and related utilization data, October 2026.

Energy Information Administration. “Today in Energy” series on refinery capacity and utilization trends, 2024–2026.

Goldratt, Eliyahu M., and Jeff Cox. The Goal: A Process of Ongoing Improvement. North River Press, 1984.

Phillips 66. Public announcements regarding cessation of operations at the Los Angeles-area refinery, 2024–2025.

Valero Energy. Statements and regulatory filings regarding the Benicia refinery, 2025–2026.

American Fuel & Petrochemical Manufacturers. Annual refining capacity summaries drawing on EIA data.

Public polling averages and individual surveys (Emerson College, PPIC, SurveyUSA, and others) on the 2026 California gubernatorial race, October 2026.

Rich Hoffman

More about me

Click Here to Protect Yourself with Second Call Defense https://www.secondcalldefense.org/?affiliate=20707

About the Author: Rich Hoffman

Rich Hoffman is an author, political consultant, and strategic advisor based in Cincinnati, Ohio, and the creator of The Politics of Heaven—a unique framework that connects biblical theology, ancient history, and modern power structures to explain how moral alignment and spiritual forces shape global events. Blending real-world political experience with deep research into archaeology, UFO phenomena, and suppressed historical narratives, Hoffman offers compelling commentary on topics ranging from ancient civilizations and the Dead Sea Scrolls to modern populist movements, paranormal continuity, and leadership strategy in chaotic environments. As the author of The Gunfighter’s Guide to Business and the forthcoming Politics of Heaven, he brings a grounded yet provocative voice to media discussions, supported by firsthand experiences and a cross-disciplinary approach that bridges science, history, and theology. For interviews, speaking engagements, or expert analysis, visit richhoffmanbooks.com or contact directly via phone at 513-307-5815 or email at rhoffman@richhoffmanbooks.com.  If you’ve seen the movie, Disclosure Day and want to talk about it and the implications of Presidnet Trump’s UAP disclosures, let me know and we can bring some color to your coverage. https://richhoffmanbooks.com/media-inquiries-broadcast-topics-and-contact-info/?frame-nonce=ad51e7ecba I do have a firsthand UFO encounter to discuss.

How a Ramaswamy Administration Could Make Ohio the Leader in Affordable Cancer Treatments — and Give Republicans a Winning Healthcare Story for 2028

I picked up one of my favorite shirts at the White House. I love that place, and I love what the Trump administration has done and continues to do. It makes me think about continuity, about practical people who get results, and about the kind of energy we need in the states. I’m excited about Vivek Ramaswamy in Ohio. The race is competitive—recent polls have shown leads within the margin of error and prediction markets have favored his opponent more strongly—but I look at the internals, the trajectory, and the opportunity, and I believe he can win. Assuming that path, Ohio has a unique chance to lead the country on something that matters more to ordinary families than almost anything else: the crushing cost of healthcare, starting with cancer treatments.

I’ve been thinking about this for years. Friends have faced cancer. I’ve watched the bills, the delays, the sense that the system is designed more to manage disease than to fix people. The way for Republicans to win on healthcare in 2028 is not another tax credit or block grant that sounds like accounting. It is a concrete story: we cut the price of the most expensive treatments by attacking the cost-plus culture that has defined medicine the same way it once defined aerospace. We make advanced care available faster and cheaper. We fix people.

SpaceX is the right frame. Elon Musk and his team did not invent rockets. They applied vertical integration, rapid iteration, and a ruthless attack on cost-plus assumptions that had been baked into the industry for decades. NASA’s Shuttle delivered payload to low Earth orbit at something like $54,500 per kilogram. Falcon 9 brought that down toward $2,720 per kilogram—an order-of-magnitude improvement driven by reusability, in-house manufacturing of critical components, and a culture that squeezed suppliers and eliminated layers of markup. Roughly 80 percent of Falcon hardware was built in-house at Hawthorne. The “idiot index”—raw materials representing only a tiny fraction of final cost—forced first-principles thinking. That is the model. Cancer care is stuck in the opposite posture: academic timelines, slow FDA pathways, venture capital that demands multi-year runways before it moves, and pricing that treats every new therapy as a custom, high-margin product.

Ohio already has the raw material. Two weeks ago the James Cancer Center at Ohio State published a Phase 1 trial in Blood Cancer Discovery. Researchers tested a point-of-care manufactured trispecific CAR-T product targeting CD19, CD20, and CD22, enhanced with an OX40 costimulatory domain. Sixteen patients (median age 64) who had already burned through a median of three prior therapies received the cells. In the B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma subset, the complete response rate was 83 percent. There was no severe cytokine release syndrome and no neurotoxicity. Median vein-to-vein time was about seven days. That is not incremental. That is the kind of result that can rewrite parts of the treatment algorithm when it scales.

Around the same time, Ohio State licensed next-generation dual-payload antibody-drug conjugate technology to BiFormyx BioPharma. The company is moving its headquarters to Columbus and is targeting an Investigational New Drug filing in early 2028 for programs aimed at aggressive solid tumors such as triple-negative breast cancer. The entrepreneurs are not hypothetical. They are already in the state, building on James Center infrastructure that no pure startup can match.

A Ramaswamy administration would not need to invent cancer research. It would need to do three practical things. First, treat the James Center and Cincinnati Children’s as anchor tenants the way SpaceX treated Hawthorne—build the surrounding ecosystem of suppliers, manufacturers, and trial capacity around them instead of scattering small grants. Second, compress the state’s role in clinical trial siting and IRB approvals so Ohio becomes the fastest place in America to run a first-in-human study. A state-level regulatory sandbox that allows expanded access for therapies that have cleared Phase 1 while the national FDA process continues would put desperate patients on a plane to Columbus instead of Europe or Mexico. That builds both the clinical data and the political testimony at the same time. Third, use the governor’s office and the congressional delegation to push FDA pathway reform specifically for cell and gene therapies, while launching a manufacturing initiative so advanced therapies are built here. That sounds like jobs. It is jobs. It also happens to cure people.

The honest political caveat is that a pure “cure for cancer” message carries risk. Joe Biden’s moonshot language ran into the reality that many trials exist but the system is slow and expensive. Pharma has incentives to protect high-margin models. The safer, stronger 2028 pitch is not “we cured cancer.” It is “we cut the price by a large fraction and made advanced care available in county hospitals.” Direct medical costs of cancer care were already estimated above $200 billion annually and are projected to climb further; oncology drug spending alone is on a path toward hundreds of billions more by 2030. Families feel the $200 syringe and the six-figure episode. A SpaceX-style attack on the manufacturing and process costs of CAR-T and next-generation ADCs—point-of-care production, standardized platforms, elimination of custom-build markups—turns that into a diner-table number a voter in Dayton can understand.

Day one is not a task force. It is one connector with no ego and a mandate: get the founder, the family office, the hospital executive, and one skeptical journalist in a room every month. I know people who would make powerful patient testimony—friends who have lived the system. Put one of them on camera early. The three-month runway is to assemble the core group, file the sandbox concept, and open conversations with the Trump administration for continuity on FDA reform. The durability beyond any single administration is the real prize. Healthcare is the issue that does not care about team colors. Every cycle Republicans are asked what they will do, and the answer has usually been accounting. “We fix the thing that costs you more than your mortgage” is a different animal. It turns a defensive issue into an offensive one and gives the party a story about results rather than a man.

I have said for years that the person who can talk to anyone, get the money people and the operators in a room, and handle the public relations against the entrenched interests is more valuable than another PhD on staff. That is the SpaceX culture applied to medicine. Ohio can lead it. The technology is further along than most people realize. The politics have been the bottleneck. A friendly administration that treats this like a campaign—speed, visibility, manufacturing, and patient stories—can change the cost structure of healthcare by making advanced treatments practical instead of perpetually expensive.

If you are interested in the kind of first-principles thinking that produced The Gunfighter’s Guide to Business, this is the same mindset applied to the largest cost problem in American life. Ohio has the anchors. A Ramaswamy administration can put the right people in the rooms. The rest is execution.

Footnotes

1.  Ohio governor race polling and prediction markets as of late October 2026 (Cleveland.com, State of the Odds / Kalshi-Polymarket data).

2.  Vasu S, et al. Safety and Clinical Outcomes of a First-in-Human Trial of Point-of-Care Manufactured Trispecific CAR T Cells Targeting CD19, CD20, and CD22. Blood Cancer Discovery. 2026;7(5). DOI: 10.1158/2643-3230.BCD-26-0186. OSUCCC–James lead.

3.  CancerNetwork summary of the same trial: 83% complete responses in the B-NHL subset; no severe CRS or neurotoxicity.

4.  Ohio State licensing of next-generation dual-payload ADC technology to BiFormyx BioPharma (October 2026 announcement); IND target early 2028.

5.  AACR Cancer Progress Report 2026 and related estimates of direct cancer care costs exceeding $200 billion (2020 baseline figures, ongoing growth).

6.  Milliman analysis of oncology drug spending trajectory toward $400 billion by 2030.

7.  NASA Shuttle ~$54,500/kg vs. Falcon 9 ~$2,720/kg (various aerospace analyses, including Harry Jones / NASA Ames references); SpaceX vertical integration figures from company and independent reporting.

8.  JAMA Oncology viewpoint on rising median monthly launch prices for systemic therapies (2023–2025 data).

Selected Bibliography

•  Vasu S, Denlinger N, Song NJ, et al. “Safety and Clinical Outcomes of a First-in-Human Trial of Point-of-Care Manufactured Trispecific CAR T Cells Targeting CD19, CD20, and CD22.” Blood Cancer Discovery 7, no. 5 (2026).

•  American Association for Cancer Research. Cancer Progress Report 2026.

•  Milliman. “The oncology drug landscape: Spend trends, market dynamics, and the road to 2030” (2026).

•  Shah C. “Rethinking Value in Cancer Care in the US.” JAMA Oncology (October 2026).

•  Ohio State University Office of Enterprise for Research, Innovation and Knowledge. Licensing announcements for BiFormyx BioPharma dual-payload ADC platform (2025–2026).

•  SpaceX and independent analyses of Falcon 9 reusability and vertical integration (Hawthorne manufacturing, cost-per-kilogram comparisons versus Shuttle).

•  Peterson-KFF Health System Tracker and related national health expenditure data.

•  American Cancer Society and National Cancer Institute studies on cancer-attributable medical costs by phase of care.

Rich Hoffman

More about me

Click Here to Protect Yourself with Second Call Defense https://www.secondcalldefense.org/?affiliate=20707

About the Author: Rich Hoffman

Rich Hoffman is an author, political consultant, and strategic advisor based in Cincinnati, Ohio, and the creator of The Politics of Heaven—a unique framework that connects biblical theology, ancient history, and modern power structures to explain how moral alignment and spiritual forces shape global events. Blending real-world political experience with deep research into archaeology, UFO phenomena, and suppressed historical narratives, Hoffman offers compelling commentary on topics ranging from ancient civilizations and the Dead Sea Scrolls to modern populist movements, paranormal continuity, and leadership strategy in chaotic environments. As the author of The Gunfighter’s Guide to Business and the forthcoming Politics of Heaven, he brings a grounded yet provocative voice to media discussions, supported by firsthand experiences and a cross-disciplinary approach that bridges science, history, and theology. For interviews, speaking engagements, or expert analysis, visit richhoffmanbooks.com or contact directly by email at rhoffman@richhoffmanbooks.com.  If you’ve seen the movie, Disclosure Day and want to talk about it and the implications of Presidnet Trump’s UAP disclosures, let me know and we can bring some color to your coverage. https://richhoffmanbooks.com/media-inquiries-broadcast-topics-and-contact-info/?frame-nonce=ad51e7ecba I do have a firsthand UFO encounter to discuss.