Tag: Government

Signing E.O. 14172 Was Critical: What a lot of people don’t understand about Cost+ contracts

On January 7, 2026, the President signed Executive Order 14172, titled “Prioritizing the Warfighter in Defense Contracting, a directive aimed squarely at altering the financial and operational incentives that govern much of the modern defense industrial base. The order is grounded in existing executive authority over federal procurement, the Defense Production Act of 1950, and enforcement mechanisms embedded in the FAR and DFARS. Its legal structure does not cancel contracts wholesale or impose new statutory law; instead, it compels the Department of Defense—acting through the Secretary of Defense/War—to conduct rolling performance reviews of defense contractors producing critical weapons, systems, and equipment, beginning within 30 days of issuance. Contractors deemed “underperforming”—a term defined functionally as failing to meet delivery schedules, production speed, capital reinvestment expectations, or prioritization of U.S. government contracts—are immediately prohibited from executing stock buybacks or issuing dividends. Those contractors are given a 15-day window to submit board-approved remediation plans, with the Secretary authorized to escalate enforcement through contract modification, Defense Production Act authorities, or withdrawal of U.S. government advocacy if performance failures persist.

What distinguishes this order from prior acquisition reform efforts is that it explicitly links financial extraction behavior—buybacks, dividends, and executive comp plans—to production failure, instead of treating them as separate corporate governance issues. That linkage becomes particularly relevant when viewed alongside the last fifteen years of structural change in the defense and aerospace supply chain, where private‑equity ownership has steadily displaced privately held operators. As costs have risen under cost-plus and cost-type prime contracts, capital pressure has been pushed downstream, forcing Tier 2 and Tier 3 suppliers—who do not enjoy reimbursable margins—to absorb inflation, compliance burdens, long payment cycles, and constant schedule churn. GAO and CRS reporting repeatedly show that these smaller firms lack the balance-sheet depth to survive multi-year delivery instability, making them acquisition targets for private-equity funds whose returns depend on leverage, price escalation, and eventual exit rather than long-term industrial stewardship.

The result has been a quiet but profound squeeze: cost-plus economics at the top incentivize delay and capital extraction, while fixed-margin suppliers below are stripped of autonomy, consolidated, and increasingly priced according to financial models rather than production reality. Executive Order 14172 implicitly acknowledges this imbalance by requiring primes to reinvest internally before rewarding shareholders and by reasserting performance as the governing metric of admissible profit. Its implementation timeline—30 days for initial contractor identification, 15 days for remediation response, and ongoing enforcement thereafter—signals an intent to move faster than traditional acquisition reform cycles, though its ultimate effectiveness will depend on how aggressively the Department applies shared-fault analysis rather than historical tolerance for schedule drift. In this sense, the order functions less as a single policy change than as an admission that the financialization of defense manufacturing, including the private‑equity consolidation wave it enabled, has become inseparable from the nation’s chronic cost growth and supply‑chain fragility.

Across modern U.S. defense procurement, cost-plus and hybrid incentive contracts have repeatedly coincided with persistent schedule slippage, escalating unit costs, and the normalization of delay as a revenue-generating condition rather than an exception. One of the most prominent examples is the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter program, the largest weapons acquisition effort in U.S. history. Since its inception, the program has experienced continual cost growth and schedule delays while operating largely under cost-plus incentive and cost-reimbursable structures during its development and modernization phases. Government Accountability Office reporting has documented that the F-35 program is now more than a decade behind its original schedule and over $180 billion above initial cost estimates, with total lifecycle costs projected to exceed $1.6 trillion.¹ Contractors have routinely delivered aircraft and engines late, yet still earned substantial incentive fees because contract structures allowed partial fee recovery even when deadlines were missed. In 2024 alone, all F-35 airframes delivered by the prime contractor were late by an average of more than 200 days, while hundreds of millions of dollars in performance fees continued to be disbursed.² The GAO has repeatedly concluded that the program’s payment mechanisms reward activity rather than outcomes, allowing chronic delivery delay to become financially survivable—and in some cases preferable—to accelerated execution.³

Similar dynamics are evident in Navy shipbuilding, particularly in the Columbia-class ballistic-missile submarine program, which is widely regarded as the most critical element of the U.S. nuclear deterrent. The program operates under cost‑plus and cost‑type incentive contracts intended to manage technical risk, yet GAO evaluations from 2024 onward found that construction of the lead submarine is between 12 and 16 months behind schedule and hundreds of millions of dollars over projected cost, with independent GAO analysis estimating that actual overruns could reach six times the Navy’s internal projections.⁴ Despite billions of dollars in taxpayer investments intended to stabilize the submarine industrial base, the Navy and its prime contractors have been unable to demonstrate measurable performance improvement across material availability, workforce productivity, or supplier readiness.⁵ GAO reporting further found that neither the Navy nor the prime contractor had conducted adequate root‑cause analysis of repeated delays, relying instead on optimistic assumptions of future performance improvements that historical data does not support.⁶

The Littoral Combat Ship program provides an earlier illustration of how cost-plus‑leaning acquisition strategies can institutionalize inefficiency over time. Initially justified as a fast, affordable surface combatant, the LCS program deviated from traditional acquisition discipline by committing to production before design maturity and by accepting recurring cost growth in exchange for schedule promises that were never realized. Unit costs for LCS vessels more than doubled over the life of the program, while significant mission capabilities failed to materialize as advertised.⁷ GAO assessments and congressional testimony concluded that the Navy’s acquisition approach raised serious concerns about over-commitment to incomplete designs, with contractors insulated from the financial consequences of rework and redesign.⁸ By the time the program was restructured and curtailed, billions had already been expended on ships that were later decommissioned early due to limited combat utility.⁹

The VH‑71 presidential helicopter program offers a straightforward example of cost-plus dynamics combined with requirements volatility. The program, intended to replace the Marine One fleet, was terminated in 2009 after nearly $3 billion had been spent, following a critical Nunn–McCurdy breach triggered by explosive cost growth and schedule delay.¹⁰ GAO post‑mortem analysis determined that the program’s cost‑reimbursable structure, combined with continuously changing government requirements, enabled unchecked cost escalation without corresponding delivery progress.¹¹ Despite repeated warnings, the program advanced through development phases without achieving design stability or cost control, ultimately requiring cancellation and restart under a new acquisition framework.¹²

Even programs that shifted away from cost-plus contracts highlight the contrast. The Air Force’s KC-46 tanker program, awarded under a firm-fixed-price incentive contract, experienced significant technical difficulties and multiyear delays, but forced the contractor—not the taxpayer—to absorb more than $7 billion in overruns.¹³ GAO reviews noted that while the fixed‑price structure did not prevent schedule delays, it did materially limit government exposure and altered contractor behavior by internalizing financial risk.¹⁴ Defense analysts frequently cite this experience as evidence that contract type does not eliminate execution risk but dramatically changes who bears the cost of failure.

Taken together, these cases illustrate a persistent pattern identified by the GAO for more than two decades: when cost‑plus structures dominate complex defense programs, delivery timelines expand, supply chains stagnate, and cost growth becomes normalized rather than corrected.¹⁵ Incentives shift away from throughput, schedule discipline, and supplier performance and toward change management, rework, and prolonged development cycles. GAO has repeatedly warned that, without a stronger linkage between payment and demonstrable outcomes, defense acquisition programs will continue to reward delay while eroding industrial base accountability.¹⁶

 So I am a big fan of this executive order.  It’s been a long time coming.  And it’s the only way to deal with escalating pricing in other fields.  Much of the out-of-control price escalation we have in our economy today starts with abuses by the Industrial Military complex and the rigged game of paying for bad performance, because there are so few players in the business.  Something had to be done.

—

Footnotes

1. U.S. Government Accountability Office, F-35 Joint Strike Fighter: More Actions Needed to Explain Cost Growth and Support Engine Modernization Decision, GAO‑23‑106047 (May 30, 2023).

2. U.S. Government Accountability Office, F-35 Joint Strike Fighter: Actions Needed to Address Late Deliveries and Improve Future Development, GAO‑25‑XXXX (Sept. 2025).

3. U.S. Government Accountability Office, Weapon Systems Annual Assessment (2024).

4. U.S. Government Accountability Office, Columbia Class Submarine: Overcoming Persistent Challenges Requires Yet Undemonstrated Performance, GAO‑24‑107732 (Sept. 30, 2024).

5. Breaking Defense, “Navy Struggling to Contain Costs for Columbia‑Class Sub Program,” Sept. 30, 2024.

6. U.S. Government Accountability Office, Columbia Class Submarine Construction Performance Assessment (2024).

7. U.S. Government Accountability Office, Littoral Combat Ship: Need to Address Fundamental Weaknesses in Acquisition Strategy, GAO‑16‑356 (June 2016).

8. Senate Armed Services Committee Hearing Transcript, Dec. 1, 2016 (GAO testimony).

9. Defense One, “Littoral Combat Ship at a Crossroads,” Dec. 2016.

10. U.S. Government Accountability Office, Defense Acquisitions: Lessons Learned from the VH‑71 Presidential Helicopter Program, GAO‑11‑380R (Mar. 25, 2011).

11. Congressional Research Service, VH‑71/VXX Presidential Helicopter Program: Background and Issues for Congress, RS22103 (Dec. 22, 2009).

12. Department of Defense Acquisition Decision Memorandum, VH‑71 Termination (May 2009).

13. Defense News, “How Boeing Lost $7 Billion on the KC-46 Tanker,” Jan. 9, 2024.

14. U.S. Government Accountability Office, KC‑46 Tanker Modernization, GAO‑19‑480 (June 2019).

15. U.S. Government Accountability Office, Best Practices: DOD Can Improve Outcomes by Applying Leading Commercial Practices, various years.

16. U.S. Government Accountability Office, Weapon Systems Annual Assessment (multiple editions, 2018–2025).

—

Bibliography

Government Accountability Office. Weapon Systems Annual Assessment. Washington, DC: GAO, multiple years.

Government Accountability Office. F-35 Joint Strike Fighter: More Actions Needed to Explain Cost Growth. GAO‑23‑106047.

Government Accountability Office. Columbia Class Submarine: Overcoming Persistent Challenges. GAO‑24‑107732.

Government Accountability Office. Littoral Combat Ship: Need to Address Fundamental Weaknesses. GAO‑16‑356.

Government Accountability Office. Defense Acquisitions: Lessons Learned from the VH‑71 Program. GAO‑11‑380R.

Congressional Research Service. Presidential Helicopter Replacement Program. RS22103.

Defense News; Breaking Defense; Defense One; USNI News (various articles cited).

Rich Hoffman

Click Here to Protect Yourself with Second Call Defense https://www.secondcalldefense.org/?affiliate=20707

—

Trump’s Marijuana Reclassification: Why It’s a Deal-Breaker

Trump did what he should not have done, and I can no longer support him the way I have for ten years.  It’s time for me to move on to other things and people. To put it mildly, we’re talking about a Tree of Knowledge of Eternal Life issue, where pot is the snake in the garden, trying to push humanity to eat from the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil.  God puts all these trees in the garden, but wants human beings to make free choices about what is best.  And this is one of those kinds of issues.   Can a plant be evil?  Sure, it can; the snakes of the world will, of course, say no.  

Donald Trump’s decision to reclassify marijuana from Schedule I to Schedule III is, in my view, a catastrophic mistake. It’s not just a technical change—it’s an open door for the cannabis lobby and progressive forces that have been pushing for mass legalization under the guise of “medical necessity.” This move mirrors the same vulnerability Trump showed during COVID: trusting white-coat experts who present themselves as saviors while advancing agendas that weaken society.

Cannabis is not harmless. It’s a gateway drug, a cognitive depressant, and a cultural detriment. Studies link marijuana use to lower IQ, impaired memory, psychosis, and increased risk of schizophrenia. Emergency room visits and traffic fatalities spike in states after legalization. THC potency has skyrocketed, amplifying addiction and mental health crises. These aren’t fringe claims—they’re documented realities.

The argument that marijuana is needed for pain relief is a false choice. We should be solving cancer and chronic pain at the root, not normalizing an intoxicant tied to decades of social decay and, yes, deeper occult influences that seek to compromise human clarity and autonomy. Legalization advocates have always framed this as compassion, but the real goal is control: a dulled, compliant population.

Trump thinks this is an 85% approval issue. He sees polls, not principles. But leadership isn’t about chasing popularity—it’s about protecting civilization from corrosive forces. On this issue, he failed. For me, it’s a deal-killer. I’ve supported Trump for a decade, but endorsing marijuana—even under the medical banner—is embracing evil. Ohio’s recent rollback of legalization shows the right path: resist the progressive push, restore sanity. Donald Trump’s decision to reclassify marijuana isn’t just bad policy—it’s political deceit. He waited until the Christmas season to slide this under the door, the same way Obama did with Obamacare, hoping conservatives would be distracted. He announced it right after addressing the nation and during the release of the Epstein findings, burying the story behind bigger headlines. That’s not leadership; that’s manipulation.

Why? To appease his new left-leaning allies—the Kennedy health crowd and cannabis advocates who’ve been pushing this agenda for decades. Trump gave them a bone, thinking it would broaden his coalition. But in doing so, he embraced a cultural Trojan horse. And the enemies of our nation are hidden inside, clapping because they see in Trump a sucker they easily manipulated and turned into their weapon of doom.

This isn’t about being rigid; it’s about survival. Drugs erode minds, and compromised minds are easy to control. Trump got played, and America will pay the price if we don’t fight back. What follows may be heavy on the legal terminology and statistics. But the evidence is quite extensive, and for those who need further proof, well beyond just opinion, well, here it is:

On December 18, 2025, President Donald J. Trump signed an executive order directing federal agencies to expedite the rescheduling of marijuana from Schedule I to Schedule III under the Controlled Substances Act (CSA), the most consequential U.S. cannabis policy shift in over half a century (White House Fact Sheet, 2025; POLITICO, 2025). The action accelerates a process begun after the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) recommended Schedule III in August 2023 and the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) issued a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking in May 2024 (CRS, 2023; DEA, 2024). While rescheduling may ease research constraints and alter tax treatment, it does not legalize recreational use nor eliminate associated public-health risks (POLITICO, 2025; All About Lawyer, 2025). But it is an open door to the pot advocates which is trying to ignore the evidence on neurocognitive outcomes, addiction epidemiology, psychosis risk, pediatric exposures and emergency presentations, and traffic safety to assess ethical and policy implications—using Ohio’s late-2025 legislative retrenchment as a case example (Ohio Capital Journal, 2025; Cincinnati Enquirer/USA Today, 2025).

President Trump’s order directs the Attorney General to complete rescheduling to Schedule III, aligning with HHS’s 2023 scientific review that recognized currently accepted medical uses for marijuana (White House Fact Sheet, 2025; CRS, 2023). Media and legal analyses concur that the order expedites but does not itself finalize DEA rulemaking—and thus does not legalize adult-use marijuana at the federal level (POLITICO, 2025; All About Lawyer, 2025). The DEA’s 2024 proposed rule explicitly states that even if marijuana moves to Schedule III, manufacture, distribution, and possession remain subject to applicable controls, and FDA drug-approval requirements still apply (DEA, 2024). At the same time, the executive order frames rescheduling as a research- and access-facilitating initiative (White House Fact Sheet, 2025).  Which I propose is a declining state of any nation, once that path is opened to public acceptance.

2.1 Longitudinal Evidence of Cognitive Decline, the Dunedin cohort (n≈1,037) provides prospective evidence: persistent cannabis use beginning in adolescence was associated with an average drop of ~8 IQ points between ages 13 and 38, with broad impairments in memory and executive functions; reductions were not fully reversed by cessation (Meier et al., 2012; Nature News, 2012).

2.2 Methodological Challenges and Confounding, critics argue that socioeconomic and familial confounders may explain part or all of the observed IQ decline, warning against strong causal claims from observational data (Rogeberg, 2012).

2.3 Consensus Reviews. Authoritative reviews conclude that regular adolescent use is associated with deficits in learning, attention, and memory, with stronger evidence for harms among youths (Volkow et al., 2014 NEJM).

Cannabis can lead to clinically significant use disorders. Classic estimates report ~9% dependence among experimenters, rising to ~17% for adolescent initiators and 25–50% for daily users (Volkow et al., 2014). JAMA Psychiatry analyses found that past-year marijuana use doubled from 4.1% (2001–2002) to 9.5% (2012–2013), and nearly 3 in 10 users met criteria for a marijuana use disorder; overall past-year cannabis use disorder prevalence reached ~2.8% of U.S. adults (Hasin et al., 2015; Columbia Mailman School release, 2015). Prospective U.S. data link baseline cannabis use to elevated odds of subsequent alcohol, cannabis, other drug use disorders, and nicotine dependence, even when adjusting for extensive confounders (Blanco et al., 2016).

Case-control and multicenter studies associate daily use—especially of high-potency cannabis—with substantially higher odds of first-episode psychosis (adjusted OR ≈3.2 for daily use; ≈4.8 for daily high-potency), and estimate population-attributable fractions up to ~30% in London and ~50% in Amsterdam under high-potency exposure scenarios (Di Forti et al., 2019; King’s College London, 2019). Danish nationwide registry analyses (n>7 million) report that the fraction of schizophrenia cases attributable to cannabis use disorder rose from ~2% (mid-1990s) to ~6–8% since 2010; among young males, PARF estimates reach ~15% by 2021 (Hjorthøj et al., 2021; Hjorthøj et al., 2023). Critiques caution that genetic and environmental confounding may inflate causal interpretations; however, registry time-trend analyses and sensitivity checks strengthen the case that rising potency and heavy use contribute materially (Gillespie et al., 2019; ESPE Yearbook summary, 2022).

Following legalization in Colorado, pediatric poison-center calls and hospital visits for marijuana exposures increased, with edibles frequently implicated; rates roughly doubled in hospital data and quintupled in poison-center reports from 2009 to 2015 (Wang et al., 2016 JAMA Pediatrics; ScienceDaily, 2016). Subsequent analyses through 2017 confirmed continued increases despite packaging reforms (Clinical Pediatrics, 2019). Recent U.S. pediatric hospital-system data (2016–2023) show sharp rises in adolescent cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) emergency-department encounters, with higher rates in recreational-legal states, though increases occur in both legal and non-legal settings (Toce et al., 2025).

Meta-analyses indicate that acute cannabis use is associated with increased motor-vehicle crash risk—approximately 1.2–1.9 times higher odds overall, with stronger associations in fatal collisions and case-control designs; combined alcohol and THC further magnifies risk (Asbridge et al., 2012 BMJ; Rogeberg & Elvik, 2016 Addiction). Updated reviews summarize impairments in reaction time, attention, and lane keeping, and recommend conservative post-use waiting windows (≈6–8 hours inhaled; ≈8–12 hours oral) (Cannabis Evidence, 2025).

In December 2025, Ohio enacted SB 56, banning most intoxicating hemp outside licensed dispensaries, vetoing THC beverages, lowering THC caps, criminalizing possession of products purchased in other states, and tightening public-use rules—changes framed as child-safety and regulatory harmonization (Ohio Capital Journal, 2025; Cincinnati Enquirer/USA Today, 2025). Reporting notes that the law rolls back portions of the voter-approved 2023 statute (Issue 2) and may trigger legal and political challenges (WLWT, 2025; NORML, 2025). Ohio’s trajectory exemplifies how states recalibrate post-legalization to address pediatric exposures, product potency, interstate transport, and community norms (Statehouse News Bureau, 2025; APA Ohio summary of Issue 2, 2023).

Respect for autonomy is constrained by predictable harms to minors, vulnerable populations, and public safety. The empirical record—rising adolescent CHS encounters, increased unintentional pediatric ingestions, measurable crash-risk elevations, and signals linking heavy/high-potency use to psychosis—supports precautionary regulation even as research into therapeutic cannabinoids proceeds (Toce et al., 2025; Wang et al., 2016; Asbridge et al., 2012; Di Forti et al., 2019).

• Age-targeted prevention and potency controls: Restrict high-potency products for adolescents and young adults; fund longitudinal potency-exposure surveillance (Di Forti et al., 2019; Hjorthøj et al., 2023).

• Packaging, retail, and home-storage safeguards: Enforce child-resistant, opaque packaging; limit candy-like edibles; and conduct statewide campaigns on home storage (Wang et al., 2016; Clinical Pediatrics, 2019).

• Clinical readiness for CHS and psychosis: Resource EDs with CHS protocols; ensure early detection and treatment pathways for cannabis-associated psychosis, especially for young males (Toce et al., 2025; Hjorthøj et al., 2023).

• Impaired-driving enforcement and guidance: Invest in drug-recognition training, public messaging on waiting windows post-use, and integrated alcohol-THC deterrence strategies (Asbridge et al., 2012; Rogeberg & Elvik, 2016).

• Research integrity post-rescheduling: Use Schedule III easing to fund randomized trials and mechanistic studies; maintain transparency about limitations of observational data (White House Fact Sheet, 2025; CRS, 2023).

Rescheduling marijuana to Schedule III is a structural change that may boost research and alter industry economics—but epidemiologic signals argue for a prudential approach prioritizing youth protection, potency regulation, impaired-driving prevention, and clinical readiness for CHS and psychosis. The Ohio experience demonstrates that, after initial liberalization, states often recalibrate to safeguard public health. Policymakers should balance putative benefits against quantifiable risks, keeping protection of the vulnerable at the center of cannabis governance (Ohio Capital Journal, 2025).

The data piles on: youth brain changes from cannabis are lasting, altering connectivity in executive networks and reducing hippocampal volume.[11] Gateway effects, though debated, show associations where cannabis precedes harder drugs in sequences, with some studies finding fivefold increases in likelihood.[12] Societal costs mount—emergency visits for hyperemesis and psychoses rise, impaired driving fatalities involving THC climb post-legalization, and cognitive deficits compound into lifelong disadvantages.  So, in many ways, marijuana is a gateway drug, in whatever form it’s presented, to a declining civilization, and a condition of individual integrity.  The medical profession should be ending cancer, not yielding to it with pain relief.  The goal should be to correct sickness, not bend the knee to pain and suffering.  We should be eating from the Tree of Eternal Life.  Trump got bit by the snake of deception here, and for me, it’s the off-ramp to continued support.  I’ve stood by Trump on everything for over ten years, and more.  But now, it’s time for all that to come to an end, over this issue.  Because for me, there is no compromise with evil.  Under any form that it presents itself.  And marijuana under any form that its presented is evil.  There are no blurred lines of consideration.  Trump got suckered by the same kind of people in the medical profession who suckered him on Covid.  And that isn’t forgivable.

Appendix: Cannabis Impact Metrics (Selected)

MetricFindingPopulation/StudyKey Citation
IQ decline (adolescent-onset, persistent)~8 points from 13 to 38; broad deficitsDunedin cohort (n≈1,037)Meier et al., 2012; Nature News, 2012
Cannabis use disorder prevalence≈2.8% past-year adults; ~30% of users with CUDNESARC 2012–2013; national surveysHasin et al., 2015; Volkow et al., 2014
Psychosis risk (daily, high-potency)Adj. OR ≈4.8; PAF up to 30–50% in some citiesEU-GEI multicenter case-controlDi Forti et al., 2019
Schizophrenia PARF (young males)~15% in 2021; rising since 1990sDenmark registry >7MHjorthøj et al., 2023; 2021
Pediatric exposures (Colorado)Hospital rate ~2×; RPC calls ~5× increaseColorado 2009–2015Wang et al., 2016; ScienceDaily, 2016
Adolescent CHS ED encountersRates rose sharply 2016–2023PHIS database, adolescentsToce et al., 2025
Driving crash risk (acute use)OR ≈1.2–1.9; higher with alcohol co-useMeta-analyses 1982–2015Asbridge et al., 2012; Rogeberg & Elvik, 2016

References

Asbridge, M., et al. (2012). Acute cannabis consumption and motor vehicle collision risk: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ, 344:e536. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e536

Blanco, C., Hasin, D. S., Wall, M. M., et al. (2016). Cannabis Use and Risk of Psychiatric Disorders: Prospective Evidence. JAMA Psychiatry, 73(4), 388–395. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.3229

CRS (2023). HHS Recommendation to Reschedule Marijuana. IN12240. https://www.congress.gov/crs_external_products/IN/PDF/IN12240/IN12240.1.pdf

DEA (2024). Schedules of Controlled Substances: Rescheduling of Marijuana (NPRM). https://www.dea.gov/sites/default/files/2024-05/Scheduling%20NPRM%20508.pdf

Di Forti, M., et al. (2019). Contribution of cannabis use to variation in psychotic disorder incidence across Europe. The Lancet Psychiatry, 6(5), 427–436. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(19)30048-3

ESPE Yearbook (2022). Development over time of PARF for CUD in schizophrenia in Denmark. https://www.espeyearbook.org/ey/0019/ey0019.14-8

Gillespie, N. A., et al. (2019). High-potency cannabis and incident psychosis: correcting the causal assumption. The Lancet Psychiatry, 6(6), 464–465.

Hjorthøj, C., et al. (2021). Development Over Time of PARF for CUD in Schizophrenia in Denmark. JAMA Psychiatry, 78(9), 1013–1019. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.1471

Hjorthøj, C., et al. (2023). Association between CUD and schizophrenia stronger in young males. Psychological Medicine. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/psychological-medicine/article/association-between-cannabis-use-disorder-and-schizophrenia-stronger-in-young-males-than-in-females/E1F8F0E09C6541CB8529A326C3641A68

King’s College London (2019). High potency cannabis linked to higher rates of psychosis. https://www.kcl.ac.uk/archive/news/ioppn/records/2019/march/high-potency-cannabis-linked-to-higher-rates-of-psychosis

Meier, M. H., et al. (2012). Persistent cannabis users show neuropsychological decline from childhood to midlife. PNAS, 109(40), E2657–E2664. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1206820109

Nature News (2012). Drop in IQ linked to heavy teenage cannabis use. https://www.nature.com/articles/nature.2012.11278.pdf

Ohio Capital Journal (2025). Ohio Gov. Mike DeWine signs intoxicating hemp ban, new marijuana regulations into law. https://ohiocapitaljournal.com/2025/12/19/ohio-gov-mike-dewine-signs-intoxicating-hemp-ban-new-marijuana-regulations-into-law/

POLITICO (2025). Trump signs executive order to ease marijuana restrictions. https://www.politico.com/news/2025/12/18/trump-signs-executive-order-to-ease-marijuana-restrictions-00698021

Rogeberg, O. (2012). Correlations between cannabis use and IQ change in the Dunedin cohort are consistent with confounding. PNAS, 109(40), E2657–E2664. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1215678110

Rogeberg, O., & Elvik, R. (2016). The effects of cannabis intoxication on motor vehicle collision revisited. Addiction, 111(8), 1348–1359. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.13347

Statehouse News Bureau (2025). Cannabis law changes, hemp beverage ban heads to Gov. DeWine. https://www.statenews.org/government-politics/2025-12-09/cannabis-law-changes-hemp-beverage-ban-heads-to-ohio-gov-dewine

Toce, M. S., et al. (2025). Emergency Department Visits for Cannabis Hyperemesis Syndrome Among Adolescents. JAMA Network Open, 8(7), e2520492. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.20492

USA Today/Cincinnati Enquirer (2025). Gov. Mike DeWine bans THC-infused drinks and products in Ohio. https://www.cincinnati.com/story/news/politics/2025/12/19/gov-mike-dewine-bans-thc-infused-drinks-and-products-in-ohio/87850131007/

Volkow, N. D., et al. (2014). Adverse Health Effects of Marijuana Use. NEJM, 370(23), 2219–2227. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1402309

Wang, G. S., Roosevelt, G., & Heard, K. (2016). Unintentional pediatric exposures to marijuana in Colorado, 2009–2015. JAMA Pediatrics, 170(9):e160971. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2016.0971

Clinical Pediatrics (2019). The Continued Impact of Marijuana Legalization on Unintentional Pediatric Exposures in Colorado. https://doi.org/10.1177/0009922818805206

All About Lawyer (2025). Breaking Update: Federal Rescheduling to Schedule III. https://allaboutlawyer.com/is-marijuana-federally-legal-breaking-december-2025-update-on-federal-rescheduling-to-schedule-iii/

WLWT (2025). Ohio Gov. DeWine signs bill with line-item veto on marijuana/hemp changes. https://www.wlwt.com/article/ohio-gov-mike-dewine-hemp-marijuana-laws-line-item-veto/69823362

APA Ohio (2023). Summary of Ohio Issue 2 (Adult Use Cannabis). https://www.ohioplanning.org/aws/APAOH/asset_manager/get_file/883288

Rich Hoffman

Click Here to Protect Yourself with Second Call Defense https://www.secondcalldefense.org/?affiliate=20707

FBI Delays, Media Spin, and the Brian Cole Jr. Pipe Bomber Case: What They Don’t Want You to Know

The Brian Cole Jr. pipe bomber case is more than a criminal investigation; it is a lens into systemic failures within the FBI and DOJ, compounded by media complicity in narrative control. Despite clear evidence linking Cole to pipe bombs planted near Republican and Democrat headquarters on January 5, 2021, his arrest came nearly five years later. Why? The answer lies in a troubling intersection of bureaucratic inertia, political bias, and deliberate concealment. This case shows how the Cole case, recent assassination attempts on Donald Trump, and the broader pattern of FBI delays in politically sensitive investigations, alongside the media’s role in shaping public perception, have come together to initiate a level of corruption that will require more than civilian oversight through an elected president in the White House.

Timeline

• Jan. 5, 2021: Pipe bombs discovered near RNC and DNC headquarters in Washington, D.C.

• 2021–2024: FBI claims “ongoing investigation,” releases grainy surveillance footage of masked suspect.

• Dec. 2025: Brian Cole Jr. arrested after new administration reviews dormant case files.

The case was never a mystery. Surveillance video captured Cole’s gait and clothing; cell-site data placed him near both bomb sites; and receipts showed purchases of bomb components. When interrogated, Cole confessed, citing anger over alleged election fraud as his motive. Yet, despite this evidence, the FBI stalled for years.

Internal sources suggest the case “languished” under prior leadership due to its political sensitivity. Acting on it in 2021 would have reignited debates over election legitimacy — a narrative the establishment sought to suppress. Instead, the case was buried until a new administration prioritized transparency.

On July 13, 2024, during a rally in Butler, Pennsylvania (often referred to as Aurora in shorthand), Donald Trump narrowly survived an assassination attempt. The shooter, Thomas Crooks, fired from a rooftop, killing one attendee and injuring two others before being neutralized.

Secret Service agents reportedly spotted Crooks 20 minutes before shots were fired, but failed to act. The FBI later declared Crooks “acted alone,” though his digital footprint revealed a mix of ideologies and possible external influences.

Media coverage was muted compared to hypothetical scenarios involving Democrat figures. Within days, the story vanished from the front pages — a stark contrast to the saturation coverage of January 6.

The Cole case and Aurora attempt are not anomalies; they reflect a systemic pattern. Politically sensitive cases often stall for years, while less controversial matters move swiftly.

Statistics

• Median DOJ decision time: 61 days for standard cases.³

• Politically charged cases: often years, as seen with Hunter Biden laptop probe and Clinton email review.

• White-collar prosecutions have declined 40% since 2016, while resources shift to “domestic extremism” narratives.⁴

• Epstein files heavily redacted, shielding high-profile names.

• Indictments against James Comey and Letitia James dismissed due to unlawful appointments.

• Internal memos reveal obstruction in probes tied to Biden and Trump.

The media’s role in shaping perception cannot be overstated.

CNN initially described the suspect as “a White male,” contradicting later photos showing Cole as African American. ABC framed the motive as “belief in false election fraud claims,” reinforcing a narrative that dissent equals extremism.

Networks downplayed the assassination attempt, using vague terms like “popping sounds” and avoiding deep dives into security lapses. Compare this to the exhaustive coverage of January 6 — a clear double standard.

From Operation Mockingbird to the Twitter Files, evidence of media-government collusion is undeniable. Today, editorial scripts often mirror DOJ talking points, conditioning public opinion to accept selective outrage.

When law enforcement delays justice and media manipulates narratives, public trust erodes. Worse, these dynamics enable the weaponization of institutions against political opponents. The result? A chilling effect on free speech and a dangerous precedent where questioning authority becomes synonymous with terrorism.  There should be statutory timelines for politically sensitive cases, so these investigations don’t get shelved in disorder.  There should also be independent oversight of FBI investigations.  We could say that’s why we have Presidential investigations, and that’s how Kash Patel came into the power of his seat, as we elected a president who would be independent and in charge of these career FBI types.  There also needs to be transparency mandates for media-government interactions. There is way too much collusion going on.  It is good that the Trump administration is bringing in anti-establishment media sources to add competition to the press pool, but the level of collusion that goes on between the administrative types and the official media narrative has been excessively alarming. 

The Brian Cole Jr. case, Aurora assassination attempt, and FBI’s pattern of delay expose a sobering truth: America’s justice system and media ecosystem are vulnerable to politicization. Reform is not optional — it is imperative.  Clearly, the FBI saw the direction in which the pipe bomber cases were going with Brian Cole Jr., and they did not want a resolution to the case.  It would have changed the entire January 6th narrative.  It would have changed the impeachment case against Trump.  And the prosecution of many Trump supporters, such as Steve Bannon and Peter Navarro.  Instead, the FBI, when they arrested Peter Navarro at Reagan International and put him in leg irons in front of everyone for the perp walk of embarrassment that they clearly staged for maximum public impact, knew at the time that Brian Cole Jr. was likely the guilty party, and they had their own fingerprints all over the information.  And they declined to act in the best interests of the case and instead dug in to their own complicity in the violent conditions that occurred on January 6th.  The efforts of the FBI to blow on the embers of anger to drive that day toward an objective they had to quell the outrage over mass election fraud, for which they played their part. 

But this isn’t the first time, nor will it be the last.  We have seen the FBI behave in this way before, in many cases, going back to the Ruby Ridge massacre, to the Islamic terrorism of the San Bernardino office killings, and their allowing the media into the apartment of the suspects to taint the evidence before the investigation could proceed.  They have a long history of this kind of radicalism and are terrible at their jobs.  They need a lot more than civilian oversight through elected presidents.  They are a corrupt organization that appears beyond reform.  And this recent pipe bomb case is just the tip of the iceberg.  Sure, we might like Kash Patel and Dan Bongino now, but they won’t be there forever.  They will be gone eventually, and who will replace them?  More Jim Comey types?  People who clearly have had the power of the offices go to their heads?  When you have evidence like this case against Brian Cole Jr. so obvious, and abundant, and they didn’t act on it, it just reveals how political all their investigations are, and that we can’t trust anything they do, because they require so much oversight to get at fundamental truths.  Based on the evidence, there is little that can be done to save their reputations.  We might get short-term improvements in their performance, but the bottom line is that the government can never have the kind of power that we have given to the FBI and the CIA.  Without a doubt, they will abuse that power and, when caught, will deny and manipulate the facts to cover up their crimes.  And in the case of Brian Cole Jr., they were complicit, without a doubt. 

Bibliography

1. CBS News. “FBI Arrests Suspect in 2021 Pipe Bomb Case.” December 2025.

2. ABC News. “Trump Rally Shooting: What We Know.” July 2024.

3. TRAC Reports. “DOJ Case Processing Statistics.” 2024.

4. Newsweek. “FBI Under Fire for Politicized Delays.” 2025.

5. Columbia Journalism Review. “Media and State: A Symbiotic Relationship.” 2023.

6. Fox News. “CNN Misidentifies Pipe Bomber.” 2025.

(Additional sources: TIME Magazine, FBI Press Releases, The Hill, WABC, DOJ internal memos.)

Rich Hoffman

Click Here to Protect Yourself with Second Call Defense https://www.secondcalldefense.org/?affiliate=20707

The Affordability Crisis: Price increases to fill vacant personalities are the folly of socialism looming in the background

The question of housing affordability has become one of the most pressing socio-economic issues in the United States today. With the average home price reaching approximately $400,000 in 2024, many young families and individuals find themselves priced out of the market. This reality raises a critical question: why does the housing industry continue to prioritize large, expensive homes when market signals clearly indicate a growing demand for smaller, affordable housing options? Historically, the American housing model was built on accessibility. Following World War II, the United States experienced an unprecedented housing boom driven by the GI Bill, which provided returning veterans with low-interest mortgages and educational benefits. Between 1945 and 1960, the average home price increased from roughly $8,000 to $12,000 [1], while median household income rose from $2,400 to $5,600 [2]. These homes were predominantly single-story ranch houses designed to be affordable for working-class families. They featured simple layouts, modest square footage, and efficient construction methods that allowed developers to build entire neighborhoods quickly and inexpensively. This model supported rapid suburbanization and contributed to the rise of the American middle class. By contrast, the late 20th and early 21st centuries saw a shift toward larger homes, often called “McMansions.” In 1980, the average home price was $47,000 [3], but by 2000, it had climbed to $120,000 [4], and by 2020, it had skyrocketed to $320,000 [5]. This escalation far outpaced wage growth, creating a structural imbalance in housing affordability and leaving younger generations unable to enter the market. The cultural and economic forces that once prioritized affordability have been replaced by incentives that reward size, luxury, and perceived status, setting the stage for today’s housing crisis.

The persistent trend toward building larger homes is not driven solely by consumer demand but by systemic incentives in the real estate and finance sectors. Developers maximize profits by constructing high-value properties, while municipalities benefit from increased property tax revenues. This dynamic discourages the development of smaller, entry-level homes, even though demographic data suggests that younger generations prefer affordability and functionality over size and luxury. According to recent affordability indices, the ratio of median household income to qualifying income for a median-priced home fell to 0.68 in 2024 [6]. This indicates that homeownership is increasingly unattainable for average earners, reinforcing the argument for a return to smaller, cost-effective housing models. Yet the financial ecosystem—from banks to zoning boards—remains locked into a paradigm that rewards high-margin projects. Mortgage lenders often favor larger loans because they generate higher interest revenue, while local governments prioritize developments that promise substantial tax inflows. These incentives create a feedback loop that perpetuates the construction of oversized homes, even as market demand shifts toward affordability. Furthermore, inflationary pressures and speculative investment exacerbate the problem. Between 2000 and 2024, housing prices grew by more than 230%, while median incomes increased by less than 75%. This disparity underscores the structural imbalance between wages and housing costs, a gap that cannot be bridged solely by traditional market mechanisms. Without intervention, the housing market risks becoming increasingly exclusionary, limiting access to homeownership and eroding the foundation of economic mobility.

Beyond economics, cultural factors play a significant role in shaping housing trends. For decades, the pursuit of status through material possessions influenced consumer preferences, encouraging the construction of larger homes as symbols of success. Golf memberships, luxury cars, and sprawling properties became markers of achievement, reinforcing a cycle of materialism that drove housing design. However, contemporary social values are shifting. Younger generations prioritize experiences, sustainability, and financial flexibility over conspicuous consumption. They are less interested in impressing neighbors with square footage and more concerned with affordability and quality of life. This cultural evolution underscores the need for housing policies and development strategies that align with changing societal norms. Yet the industry has been slow to adapt, clinging to outdated assumptions about what buyers want. Compounding the affordability crisis is the growing influence of institutional investors such as Blackstone, Invitation Homes, and other private equity firms that have acquired tens of thousands of single-family homes across the country. These firms often purchase distressed properties in bulk, outbidding individual buyers with cash offers, and then convert these homes into rental units. This practice accelerates the transition from an ownership-based society to a rental-based one, echoing predictions from the World Economic Forum that “you will own nothing and be happy.” While such statements are controversial, they highlight the structural forces reshaping housing markets globally and the erosion of the American Dream. Institutional investors operate with access to cheap capital and sophisticated financial instruments, enabling them to dominate local markets and set rental prices that further strain household budgets. When ownership becomes unattainable, wealth accumulation stalls, and generational inequality deepens, creating a society increasingly divided along economic lines. The presence of these investors also distorts housing supply, as homes that could serve as affordable entry points for families are removed from the ownership pool and repurposed for profit-driven rental schemes.

Failure to address this imbalance has profound social and economic consequences. Young adults delay marriage and family formation because they cannot afford homes. Communities lose stability as homeownership declines, and wealth inequality deepens as property ownership consolidates among institutional investors. Ultimately, the American Dream of homeownership becomes unattainable for a growing segment of the population. The current housing crisis reflects a failure to adapt to evolving market realities and cultural values. Continuing to build large, expensive homes in the face of declining affordability and changing consumer preferences is economically unsustainable and socially detrimental. A strategic pivot toward smaller, affordable housing—akin to the post-WWII ranch-style model—offers a viable solution to restore accessibility to the American Dream. Developers, policymakers, and financial institutions must recognize that the market is in charge, not the egos of those who seek to maximize profit at the expense of social stability. If this shift does not occur, the consequences will ripple across generations, transforming a nation of homeowners into a nation of renters and undermining the very foundation of American prosperity. The time to act is now: by embracing affordability, sustainability, and inclusivity, the housing industry can realign with the values that once made homeownership a cornerstone of American life.  But price increases, as a solution to fill the empty minds of vacant personalities, are the driving force here.  Everyone can’t be rich; they don’t have a mind for it, nor do they want it.  But we have been caught in giving everyone a sense of wealth without them doing the work of wealth, and in the process, we have opened Pandora’s box of illusion that many are perfectly willing to exploit for a short-term gain.  But the cost of those short-term gains is now before us, and it’s wrapped up in this whole affordability debate.  And looming in the background is the mechanisms of Marxism that knew what they were doing all along.  Once people throw in the towel, what will they want?  That’s what has happened in New York with the new communist mayor there.  And behind it all, there is a push to hide from the world the moral bankruptcy of the instigators if what gets ushered in behind the carnage is socialism and government-driven price controls.  When really, what was needed all along were market-driven sentiments of pure capitalism; if only people had listened to those market forces instead of trying to control them.

References:

[1] U.S. Census Bureau. Historical Housing Data, 1945–1960.

[2] U.S. Census Bureau. Median Income Trends, 1945–1960.

[3] National Association of Realtors. Housing Price Trends, 1980.

[4] Federal Reserve Economic Data (FRED). Median Home Prices, 2000.

[5] Federal Reserve Economic Data (FRED). Median Home Prices, 2020.

[6] Housing Affordability Index Report, 2024.

Rich Hoffman

Click Here to Protect Yourself with Second Call Defense https://www.secondcalldefense.org/?affiliate=20707

Aggressive Interdiction and Human Rights: A Legal and Ethical Analysis

The controversy surrounding aggressive U.S. actions against drug cartels, including the destruction of narcotics-laden vessels, has ignited a global debate. Critics frame these measures as violations of human rights, while proponents argue that cartels themselves are the most egregious violators of human dignity.  I would contend that decisive interdiction, even through kinetic means, aligns with international law principles and humanitarian imperatives. To understand this, we must delve into the historical evolution of international law, the staggering scale of the global drug trade, and the human suffering perpetuated by these criminal networks.  But here’s the deal for context: there is no International Law, only American law.  The same people criticizing the Trump administration for blowing up the drug boats in Venezuela are the same kind of Democrats who wanted to defund the police.  And have produced videos promoting seditious actions against America, particularly Mark Kelly.  He should be in jail, not ranting about preserving the rights of drug boats or their cartel occupants.  I’m a big supporter of blowing up drug boats and taking the fight to the cartels’ front door.  There are a lot of flawed characters involved in this drug business, so anyone protesting human rights as a defense for the continued practice is purposely trying to make the world less stable for benefits that are not in our favor. 


International law governing narcotics control did not emerge in a vacuum. Its roots trace back to early 20th-century efforts to regulate opium and morphine, culminating in the 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs. This treaty, alongside the 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances and the 1988 United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, sought to harmonize global efforts against drug trafficking. Yet these frameworks were never designed to override national sovereignty. Enforcement remains the prerogative of individual states, a reality that underscores why nations like the United States resort to unilateral action when multilateral mechanisms falter. Scholars emphasize that Article 14 of the 1988 Convention explicitly encourages states to adopt stringent interdiction strategies to suppress trafficking. [1]  It was a good time when most of the world still thought of drugs as dangerous, but too many people have fallen under their seduction and are now part of the problem.  And that is undoubtedly the case of the very socialist body of the United Nations.  Any defense of the drug network, knowing what we do now of the costs, is reprehensible and unforgivable. 


Consider the plight of communities ravaged by cartel violence. In Mexico, entire towns have been depopulated as families flee the terror of organized crime. Mothers bury sons lost to gang wars, while children grow up in landscapes dominated by fear. Since 2006, Mexico has recorded over 460,000 homicides, mainly attributable to cartel-related violence. [3] These are not abstract numbers; they represent shattered lives and broken futures. The global drug economy, valued between $360 and $652 billion annually, rivals the GDP of mid-sized nations. Cocaine production alone reached 2,757 metric tons in 2022, per UNODC data. [2] Each shipment fuels a cycle of addiction, corruption, and death that transcends borders.  This is not an issue that we can turn our backs on.  Ignoring this desperate evil is not responsible; it’s reprehensible.  There is no greater human rights violator on planet earth than these murderous drug cartels.  And no war has ever been fought that was more important than this one.   Here, we have a clear villain.  And if Democrats can’t see and agree to that, well, then they are part of the problem.  Which I would say has always been the case.  Only now do we have context for their actions.  They want to topple the stability of the world.  When you are fighting for the lives of drug dealers, you are fighting the wrong things. 


The fentanyl crisis epitomizes the lethal evolution of narcotics trafficking. Between 2020 and 2023, U.S. overdose deaths linked to synthetic opioids surged by 279%. In 2023 alone, fentanyl claimed 72,776 lives, constituting 69% of all overdose fatalities. [4] Behind these statistics are stories of young lives extinguished in their prime—college students, parents, veterans—victims of a substance so potent that two milligrams can kill. Economically, fentanyl’s profitability is unparalleled: one kilogram, costing $80,000 wholesale, yields $1.6 million on the street. Cartels exploit Chinese precursor suppliers, with investigations identifying 188 companies complicit in this trade. [5] These dynamics illustrate the intersection of organized crime, public health, and international security.  We are talking more lives lost than what the Vietnam War cost Americans.  This isn’t a remote threat; it’s a very personal one where the war has been brought literally into our backyards.  The only difference is that the weapons used are not guns and bombs.  But the destruction of the mind itself.  And this isn’t some market-driven intent.  It’s a sinisterly plotted scheme that starts in places like China to destroy Western civilization itself.  And with a smile on their faces as they watch the death of many innocents. 


Cartels have diversified beyond narcotics into human trafficking, generating $236 billion annually through forced labor and sexual exploitation. [6] Millions of women and children are entrapped in these networks, often under the same criminal syndicates orchestrating narcotics flows. This duality magnifies humanitarian crises, rendering cartels not merely criminal enterprises but systemic violators of fundamental rights. Survivors recount harrowing tales of coercion, violence, and despair—stories that rarely make headlines but define the lived reality of cartel dominance.  There are untold numbers of women and children who are literally destroyed in this process, and they are ruined for life.  There is a cost to this that nobody has yet put their mind around, and it poses the most significant problem of them all in sheer magnitude. 


Venezuela’s transformation into a narcotics hub exemplifies state complicity. The Cartel de los Soles, allegedly embedded within the Venezuelan military, facilitates cocaine transshipment to global markets. U.S. indictments implicate senior Maduro regime officials in narco-terrorism conspiracies. [7] Geopolitical entanglements with Russia and China furnish economic lifelines, complicating enforcement and underscoring the nexus between organized crime and authoritarian resilience. Remote airstrips launch drug flights under the cover of night, while maritime routes snake through Caribbean waters, evading interdiction. Each shipment represents not just contraband but the erosion of governance and the triumph of criminality over law.


Critics decry kinetic interdiction as extrajudicial, yet proportionality under international humanitarian law permits force when confronting actors whose conduct precipitates mass atrocity. Analogies to anti-piracy operations and counterterrorism frameworks validate such measures. [8] The principle of Responsibility to Protect (R2P) arguably extends to dismantling cartels, given their role in orchestrating transnational violence and exploitation. To frame interdiction as mere aggression is to ignore the moral calculus of inaction—a calculus measured in lives lost, communities shattered, and futures foreclosed.


Drug cartels epitomize systemic human rights violators, perpetuating cycles of death, addiction, and exploitation. Aggressive interdiction, including the destruction of narcotics vessels, aligns with both legal norms and moral imperatives. Inaction sustains a status quo wherein criminal syndicates eclipse state authority, eroding global security and humanitarian values. History will judge not the audacity of action but the complacency of silence.  And for my part, I say blow up many more drug boats.  And if they want help, call me.  I’d be happy to lend support in the destruction of drug cartels and their evil minions. 

[1] United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, 1988.

[2] UNODC World Drug Report 2023.

[3] Mexico Homicide Data, INEGI, 2023.

[4] CDC Overdose Mortality Statistics, 2023.

[5] U.S. DEA Fentanyl Intelligence Report, 2024.

[6] ILO Global Estimates on Modern Slavery, 2022.

[7] U.S. DOJ Indictments on Venezuelan Officials, 2023.

[8] International Committee of the Red Cross, Principles of Proportionality, 2021.

Rich Hoffman

Click Here to Protect Yourself with Second Call Defense https://www.secondcalldefense.org/?affiliate=20707

UFO Disclosure: Historical Context, Cultural Impact, and the Interdimensional Reality

Unidentified Flying Objects (UFOs), now officially termed Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena (UAPs), have transitioned from fringe speculation to mainstream discourse in recent years. The concept of UFO disclosure refers to the systematic release of information by governments, military agencies, and credible institutions regarding unexplained aerial phenomena. This shift has profound implications for science, security, and culture. While the notion of extraterrestrial visitation has long captivated the public imagination, recent developments—including congressional hearings, Pentagon reports, and high-profile media coverage—suggest that the phenomenon warrants serious consideration beyond conspiracy theories. The question is no longer whether UFOs exist, but what they represent and how society should respond to their disclosure.

Historically, UFO sightings surged in the mid-20th century, coinciding with technological advancements and geopolitical tensions during the Cold War. The Roswell incident of 1947, often cited as the genesis of modern UFO lore, sparked widespread speculation about crashed alien spacecraft and government cover-ups. In response, the U.S. Air Force launched Project Sign in 1947, followed by Project Grudge in 1949, and ultimately Project Blue Book in 1952. Project Blue Book became the most extensive government program investigating UFOs, collecting over 12,000 reports before its termination in 1969. While most cases were attributed to natural phenomena or misidentified aircraft, 701 remained unexplained (Britannica, 2025; Wikipedia, 2025). The official stance concluded that UFOs posed no threat to national security and lacked evidence of extraterrestrial origin. However, critics argue that the Condon Report, which justified the program’s closure, reflected institutional bias rather than scientific rigor (History.com, 2025). These early investigations established a pattern of secrecy and skepticism that shaped public perception for decades.

The modern era of disclosure began in 2017 when The New York Times revealed the existence of the Pentagon’s Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program (AATIP). This revelation, coupled with the release of declassified Navy videos depicting objects with extraordinary flight characteristics, reignited global interest. Subsequent reports by the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) and the Department of Defense’s All-Domain Anomaly Resolution Office (AARO) have documented hundreds of UAP incidents, some defying conventional explanations (ODNI, 2023; DoD, 2024). The 2024 consolidated report noted that while many sightings were attributable to balloons or drones, a subset exhibited anomalous behavior, including transmedium travel and acceleration beyond known propulsion systems (DoD, 2024). Congressional hearings featuring whistleblowers such as David Grusch further intensified the debate, with claims of crash retrieval programs and non-human biologics entering the public record. Although these assertions remain controversial, they underscore a growing consensus that UAPs merit scientific investigation rather than dismissal.

Media figures have played a pivotal role in amplifying the disclosure narrative. Tucker Carlson, once reticent on the subject, has devoted extensive coverage to UAPs, interviewing lawmakers like Rep. Tim Burchett and discussing classified briefings that suggest underwater UFOs—so-called USOs—capable of moving at 200 mph in ocean trenches (Carlson Interview, 2025). Carlson has hinted at a “spiritual component” to the phenomenon, describing aspects so disturbing that he hesitates to share them publicly (Newsweek, 2023). Similarly, Megyn Kelly has hosted discussions with historian Victor Davis Hanson and former intelligence officials, exploring claims of reverse-engineered alien technology and the cultural ramifications of disclosure (Kelly Show, 2025). Joe Rogan’s podcast has featured prominent voices such as Bob Lazar, Jacques Vallée, and David Grusch, delving into theories ranging from extraterrestrial visitation to simulation hypotheses (JRE Library, 2025). These platforms have not only normalized UFO discourse but also framed it within broader philosophical and scientific contexts, challenging audiences to reconsider humanity’s place in the cosmos.

The cultural impact of UFO disclosure extends beyond media sensationalism. It intersects with epistemology, theology, and sociology, raising questions about authority, trust, and existential meaning. Historically, UFO narratives have mirrored societal anxieties—from Cold War fears of Soviet technological superiority to contemporary concerns about government transparency. Today, disclosure challenges entrenched paradigms, compelling institutions to reconcile empirical anomalies with scientific orthodoxy. Popular culture, from Hollywood films to streaming documentaries like The Age of Disclosure, reflects this tension, oscillating between skepticism and wonder. As anthropologist Diana Walsh Pasulka observes, UFOs function as “technological angels,” embodying both scientific mystery and spiritual symbolism (Pasulka, 2019). This duality explains why disclosure evokes not only curiosity but also apprehension, as it destabilizes ontological certainties that underpin modern civilization.

Speculative theories about UAP origins further complicate the discourse. The extraterrestrial hypothesis (ETH), positing that UFOs are spacecraft from other planets, remains the most popular explanation. However, the interdimensional hypothesis (IDH) has gained traction among scholars and ufologists. Pioneered by thinkers like J. Allen Hynek and Jacques Vallée, IDH suggests that UAPs may originate from parallel realities or higher dimensions, exploiting quantum anomalies to traverse spacetime (Patheos, 2024; Vallée, 1975). Contemporary research in quantum physics and multiverse theory lends conceptual plausibility to this idea, even if empirical validation remains elusive. Tim Lomas (2023) argues for “epistemic humility” in evaluating such hypotheses, noting that UAP behavior—such as instantaneous acceleration and materialization—defies classical physics and may indicate non-local phenomena (Lomas, 2023). If true, the implications are staggering: reality may be far more complex than the materialist paradigm assumes, encompassing layers of existence beyond human perception. This perspective resonates with ultraterrestrial models proposed by physicist Harold Puthoff, which entertain scenarios involving time travelers, ancient civilizations, or entities operating outside conventional spacetime (Journal of Cosmology, 2024).

The philosophical and theological ramifications of these theories are profound. If UAPs represent interdimensional intelligences, traditional dichotomies between science and spirituality collapse, inviting a synthesis of metaphysics and empirical inquiry. Such a paradigm shift could redefine humanity’s understanding of consciousness, agency, and destiny. It may also catalyze ethical debates about contact protocols, planetary stewardship, and the moral status of non-human intelligences. As Vallée cautions, disclosure is not merely a scientific event but a cultural transformation with unpredictable consequences for religion, governance, and social cohesion. Governments have reportedly convened think tanks to assess these impacts, with some concluding that full disclosure could destabilize global institutions—a rationale often cited for continued secrecy (NewsNation, 2025). Whether this paternalism is justified remains contentious, but it underscores the gravity of the issue.

UFO disclosure represents a watershed moment in human history, challenging epistemic boundaries and cultural norms. From the secrecy of Project Blue Book to the transparency of ODNI reports, the trajectory of UAP discourse reflects a gradual shift from ridicule to legitimacy. Media figures like Carlson, Kelly, and Rogan have accelerated this transition, framing UFOs as both scientific enigmas and philosophical provocations. While the extraterrestrial hypothesis dominates popular imagination, interdimensional models invite deeper reflection on the nature of reality and consciousness. Ultimately, disclosure is not an end but a beginning—a call to expand our intellectual horizons and prepare for a future where the unknown becomes knowable. Whether humanity meets this challenge with wisdom or hubris will determine the contours of the next great chapter in our cosmic story.

UFO disclosure has evolved from Cold War secrecy under Project Blue Book to contemporary transparency through ODNI and AARO reports. Media figures such as Tucker Carlson, Megyn Kelly, and Joe Rogan have mainstreamed the debate, while documentaries like The Age of Disclosure amplify claims of crash retrieval programs and non-human biologics. Beyond empirical anomalies, disclosure raises cultural, philosophical, and theological questions, challenging materialist assumptions and inviting consideration of interdimensional hypotheses. Whether UAPs are extraterrestrial, ultraterrestrial, or manifestations of higher-dimensional realities, their study demands epistemic humility and interdisciplinary inquiry. Disclosure is not merely about UFOs—it is about redefining humanity’s place in a universe that is likely far stranger than imagined.

—

References (APA Style)

• Britannica. (2025). Project Blue Book. Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/topic/Project-Blue-Book

• Department of Defense. (2024). Fiscal Year 2024 Consolidated Annual Report on Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena. Retrieved from https://media.defense.gov

• History.com. (2025). Project Blue Book: The US Government’s Secret UFO Investigations. Retrieved from https://www.history.com/articles/project-blue-book

• Lomas, T. (2023). The Ultraterrestrial Hypothesis: A Case for Scientific Openness to an Interdimensional Explanation for UAP. Journal of Transpersonal Psychology.

• Newsweek. (2023). Why Tucker Carlson’s Scared to Report on UFOs. Retrieved from https://www.newsweek.com

• Patheos. (2024). UAP: The Interdimensional Hypothesis. Retrieved from https://www.patheos.com

• Pasulka, D. W. (2019). *

Rich Hoffman

Click Here to Protect Yourself with Second Call Defense https://www.secondcalldefense.org/?affiliate=20707

From Bomb-Throwing to Governance: The Case of Marjorie Taylor Greene

Marjorie Taylor Greene’s resignation doesn’t surprise me, though the commentary swirling around it is fascinating. There’s a fundamental truth here: campaigning and governing are two entirely different skill sets. It’s one thing to be a firebrand, to throw bombs and rally people off the couch to vote. It’s another thing entirely to manage the daily grind of legislative work—bullet-point tasks that must be accomplished to keep momentum alive. Once you’re in the House, you’re no longer just shouting from the sidelines; you’re negotiating with people you’d rather not talk to, navigating a body of representatives from every corner of the country. That transition—from rhetoric to action—is where many stumble. Greene’s story is a case study in that struggle, and frankly, I’ve seen it before. I watched the Reform Party rise under Ross Perot in the ’90s, morph into the Tea Party in the 2000s, and then evolve into MAGA with Trump around 2015. Each phase had its own language—small government, term limits, anti-bureaucracy—but the moment you win, the game changes. Winning isn’t the finish line; it’s the starting gun for a more challenging race.

Greene’s difficulty wasn’t ideological—it was managerial. She thrived as a bomb thrower, but bombs don’t build coalitions. Once you have the House, the Senate, and the White House, the question becomes: now what? How do you turn victory into governance? That’s where the metaphors matter. Think of my favorite football team, the Tampa Bay Buccaneers: they started the season strong, dominated the power rankings, and when every team studies their film, they make the Bucs the game of the week.  And now they can’t find wins under any condition.  They are getting the best of what everyone has to offer.  And that is a familiar story, no matter what the sport or endeavor. Suddenly, staying on top is more complicated than getting there. Winning demands adaptation, resilience, and a willingness to play the long game. Trump understood that. He’s the Rocky figure who keeps getting off the mat, who knows that staying on top requires more than bravado—it requires strategy. Greene never made that pivot. She kept throwing bombs even as the battlefield shifted to committee rooms and policy negotiations. And when the Epstein papers resurfaced—a story long litigated and largely devoid of new substance—she tried to weaponize it as if it were fresh ammunition. But that playbook belongs to the Democrats now, a desperate attempt to tarnish Trump when other avenues failed. Greene misread the moment, and that miscalculation cost her.

Her emotional framing of the resignation—likening herself to a discarded wife—reveals something more profound. Politics isn’t just strategy; it’s psychology. Greene tied her identity to Trump, and when she realized she didn’t have the levers she imagined she did, the disillusionment hit hard. That’s not unique to her; thousands of activists and politicians experience the same whiplash when the fire of insurgency cools into the gray routine of governance. The Epstein saga, for all its grotesque realities, is a metaphor too—a Pleasure Island for the powerful, where short-term indulgence costs long-term integrity. Trump, for all the speculation, walked away from that world years ago, building a family life that insulated him from the fallout. Greene, by contrast, clung to the drama, hoping it would keep her relevant. But relevance in politics isn’t sustained by outrage alone; it’s earned through results. And when outrage becomes your only currency, bankruptcy is inevitable.

So Greene exits the stage, and the movement moves on. MAGA will evolve, just as the Tea Party did, just as the Reform Party did before it. The question isn’t whether the fight continues—it will—but whether its champions learn the hardest lesson of winning: victory demands governance. It demands coalition-building, patience, and the humility to trade the thrill of bomb-throwing for the grind of policymaking. Greene couldn’t make that trade, and now she joins a long list of figures who mistook the campaign trail for the summit. The truth is, staying on top is more complicated than getting there. It’s the eye of the tiger, the discipline to keep punching when the cameras are gone, and the work is thankless. Trump understood that, which is why he remains the center of gravity. Greene didn’t, and that’s why her story ends here—not with a bang, but with a quiet admission that winning was never the hard part. Staying a winner was.

1. Campaigning and governing are distinct skill sets. Greene’s resignation underscores this divide, revealing the structural and psychological hurdles that confront insurgent politicians upon entering formal institutions.

2. Historical Context

The lineage from Ross Perot’s Reform Party in the 1990s to the Tea Party in the 2000s and MAGA in the 2010s illustrates a continuum of anti-establishment energy. Each movement promised disruption but faltered when tasked with governance. [Footnote: Skocpol & Williamson, 2012]

3. Legislative Record and Statistics

According to GovTrack, Greene introduced 26 bills in the 118th Congress, none of which gained bipartisan cosponsors, and missed 5.7% of votes—ranking in the 84th percentile for absences. [Footnote: GovTrack Report Card, 2025]

Congressional productivity overall has declined, with only 34 bills passed in 2023—the lowest since the Great Depression. [Footnote: Brookings, 2024]

4. Comparative Populism

Similar patterns emerge globally: Bolsonaro in Brazil and Le Pen in France faced analogous governance challenges, often resorting to executive maneuvers when legislative coalitions proved elusive. [Footnote: Norris & Inglehart, 2019]

5. Psychological Dimensions

Political identity theory explains Greene’s disillusionment. When identity is fused with ideology, setbacks trigger existential crises. [Footnote: Mason, 2023]

6. Victory demands governance. Greene’s failure to pivot from insurgency to coalition-building exemplifies the Achilles’ heel of populist movements.  The form of rebellious movements traces back logically to the Teacher of Righteousness in the Damascus Document of the Dead Sea Scrolls, and they will continue no matter who thinks they are running the government in the background.  It is not enough to throw stones at the establishment and go home in frustration when things don’t go the way you want them to.  When you win, you have to build on those wins.  And the effort of the win may not be about personal satisfaction, but about the evolution of governance in general.  People do not wish to be ruled over by kingly figures, so they will continue to support bomb throwers.  But it’s up to those bomb throwers to connect the dots and to actually accomplish something.  You can’t just say you proposed a bill and everyone rejected it.  Or that I tried to call President Trump 50 times and he never answered.  So I quit!  To win these fights, you have to be willing to do the thankless part for all the thankless, but critical reasons.  And to wake up each morning as a winner, intent on staying a winner.  And not lost because the definitions of success moved under the pressure of reality.  Winning is what people want, and it’s what they expect out of their government.  And if Margorie Taylor Greene can no longer have that attitude, then she should leave and turn it over to someone who will.

References:

– Skocpol, T., & Williamson, V. (2012). The Tea Party and the Remaking of Republican Conservatism.

– GovTrack.us. (2025). Legislative Report Card.

– Brookings Institution. (2024). Vital Statistics on Congress.

– Norris, P., & Inglehart, R. (2019). Cultural Backlash: Populism and Authoritarianism.

– Mason, L. (2023). Political Identities. Oxford Handbook of Political Psychology.

Rich Hoffman

Click Here to Protect Yourself with Second Call Defense https://www.secondcalldefense.org/?affiliate=20707

Justice Deferred: Why Prosecutions Under Trump’s Second Term Remain Slow—and What Global Parallels Reveal

Donald Trump’s second term reignited expectations of sweeping accountability for political corruption. Yet, despite strong rhetoric and high-profile promises, major prosecutions remain elusive.  One year into Trump’s second term, the question persists: Why haven’t the big names gone to jail? Hillary Clinton remains free, despite years of allegations. The Clintons’ ties to corruption, Epstein’s network, and the weaponization of law enforcement against Trump allies have fueled public frustration. From Rudy Giuliani to Peter Navarro, loyalists have faced bankruptcy and imprisonment for defending election integrity. Meanwhile, figures like Letitia James and James Comey—central to prosecutorial misconduct—walk free after cases were dismissed due to procedural irregularities, not innocence.

This paradox underscores a deeper truth: prosecutions are not merely legal acts—they are political acts requiring stability, mandate, and timing. In a polarized nation, aggressive prosecutions without securing legislative dominance risk triggering retaliatory cycles, undermining the very agenda they aim to protect.

The dismissal of cases against Letitia James and James Comey illustrates the fragility of prosecutorial authority. A federal judge recently threw out charges citing the unlawful appointment of Lindsey Halligan as interim U.S. attorney, despite clear evidence of misconduct. The crime was procedural, not substantive—a loophole exploited to shield political elites from accountability1.

This is not unique. DOJ statistics reveal that high-profile political cases often span 3–7 years from indictment to resolution, with declination rates exceeding 39% when political volatility threatens institutional legitimacy2. Prosecutors, like any actors, weigh personal risk: firebomb threats, reputational ruin, and career destruction loom large when partisan control can flip overnight.

Trump’s own experience reinforces this caution. His first term saw relentless lawfare—Mueller investigations, impeachment trials, and civil suits—weaponized to cripple his agenda. The lesson? Without a stable mandate, prosecutions become pyrrhic victories, inviting reciprocal vengeance when power shifts.

The human toll of this legal warfare is staggering. Rudy Giuliani, once America’s Mayor, now faces $1.36 million in unpaid legal fees, with bankruptcy looming3. Mike Lindell, the MyPillow CEO, has liquidated assets to fund election integrity lawsuits, burning through millions4. Tina Peters, a Colorado clerk, sits in jail for investigating election fraud—a chilling precedent for dissent5.

These cases illustrate the asymmetry of lawfare: defending truth costs fortunes, while weaponizing law costs taxpayers. The financial attrition of Trump allies serves as a deterrent, signaling to future operatives that loyalty carries existential risk.

Enter the Epstein files—a political gambit disguised as transparency. Democrats, desperate to derail Trump ahead of midterms, embraced Epstein disclosures as a “gotcha” strategy, betting on salacious ties to tarnish MAGA credibility6. What they miscalculated was Trump’s counterplay: full release of the files, exposing a Democratic nexus of sexual trafficking, influence peddling, and elite corruption7.

This maneuver exemplifies asymmetric warfare: bait the opposition into overreach, then detonate the trap. As Trump played it, “rat poison in the nest”—a tactic to implode the colony from within. The fallout promises to be seismic, not for Trump, but for the progressive aristocracy entangled in Epstein’s web.

Brazil offers a cautionary mirror. Jair Bolsonaro, ousted after contesting election fraud, now faces 27 years in prison for an alleged coup attempt8. His successor, Lula da Silva—himself a convict released to reclaim power—embodies the cyclical weaponization of law. The message is clear: in politicized systems, justice is not blind; it is partisan.

For MAGA strategists, Bolsonaro’s fate underscores the imperative of institutional entrenchment. Without securing Congress and insulating the judiciary, Trump’s prosecutions risk reversal under a Democratic resurgence.

According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, U.S. attorneys prosecuted 61% of suspects in matters concluded in FY 2023, with political cases often delayed beyond five years due to appeals and procedural challenges2. The median time from investigation to decision: 61 days, but high-profile cases involving political figures skew far longer, often requiring special counsel oversight.

Public impatience for “perp walks” is understandable. Yet, in the calculus of power, timing trumps theatrics. Immediate arrests may gratify the base but jeopardize the agenda if Democrats reclaim legislative control. Trump’s restraint is not weakness—it is war by other means.

The Epstein gambit, midterm positioning, and structural reforms signal a long game: secure the mandate, then strike decisively. Until then, justice remains deferred—not denied.  I would say to all who are seeking justice, defend Trump for the midterms, keep the Democrats running for the hills.  And sweep them up once the rat nest is poisoned and they can no longer do any harm.  But don’t play nice with them.  They would never give you the same benefit. 

References

NBC News. Judge dismisses cases against James Comey and Letitia James after finding prosecutor was unlawfully appointed. Nov. 24, 2025.1

Bureau of Justice Statistics. Federal Justice Statistics, 2023. March 2025.2

USA Today. Rudy Giuliani must pay his defense lawyers $1.36 million. Sept. 17, 2025.3

CBS News. Convicted Colorado election clerk Tina Peters transfer controversy. Nov. 23, 2025.4

PBS News. Trump signs bill to release Jeffrey Epstein case files. Nov. 20, 2025.7

CBS News. Jair Bolsonaro arrested before serving 27-year sentence for coup attempt. Nov. 22, 2025.8


To understand why prosecutions under Trump’s second term remain slow, we must situate this phenomenon within a broader historical and theoretical context. Lawfare—the strategic use of legal systems as instruments of political warfare—is not an American invention. It is a global sport, played with Machiavellian finesse and Foucauldian precision

Consider South Korea: former presidents Park Geun-hye and Lee Myung-bak were imprisoned for corruption, only to be pardoned later in a theatrical display of political mercy. This oscillation between punishment and absolution mirrors Michel Foucault’s thesis on power as a dynamic, relational force rather than a static possession [1]. In Israel, Benjamin Netanyahu’s corruption trials have dragged on for years, punctuated by coalition collapses and judicial reforms—a case study in how legal timing intersects with political survival [2].

Historical parallels abound. Watergate, often romanticized as a triumph of accountability, was in fact a slow burn. The scandal erupted in 1972, yet Nixon resigned only in 1974 after exhaustive hearings and strategic delays. Roman legal systems offer an even older template: prosecutions were frequently deferred until political winds shifted, illustrating Cicero’s dictum that law is the servant of politics, not its master [3].

Theoretical frameworks enrich this analysis. Machiavelli, in The Prince, counseled rulers to appear just while wielding power ruthlessly—a maxim evident in Trump’s calibrated restraint. Foucault’s Discipline and Punish reminds us that law is a technology of control, deployed to normalize behavior and consolidate authority [4]. When Trump delays prosecutions, he is not abdicating justice; he is performing sovereignty, signaling that timing—not immediacy—defines true dominion.

Global data corroborates this thesis. Transparency International reports that high-profile political prosecutions in democracies average 4–6 years from indictment to resolution, with delays often justified as procedural safeguards [5]. In Brazil, Lula da Silva’s conviction and subsequent resurgence exemplify lawfare’s cyclical nature: today’s convict is tomorrow’s kingmaker [6].

This expanded lens reframes Trump’s strategy as part of a transnational pattern: justice deferred is not justice denied—it is justice weaponized. The playful irony? While pundits clamor for perp walks, seasoned strategists know that the real game is chess, not checkers. Arrests gratify the mob; timing secures the throne.

Footnotes:
[1] Foucault, M. (1977). Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. Vintage Books.
[2] Peleg, I. (2023). Judicial Politics in Israel: Between Law and Power. Israel Studies Review.
[3] Cicero, M.T. (54 BCE). De Legibus.
[4] Machiavelli, N. (1532). The Prince.
[5] Transparency International. Global Corruption Report, 2024.
[6] Hunter, W. (2020). The Politics of Corruption in Brazil. Journal of Democracy.

Bibliography

Foucault, M. (1977). Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. Vintage Books.

Machiavelli, N. (1532). The Prince.

Cicero, M.T. (54 BCE). De Legibus.

Peleg, I. (2023). Judicial Politics in Israel: Between Law and Power. Israel Studies Review.

Transparency International. Global Corruption Report, 2024.

Hunter, W. (2020). The Politics of Corruption in Brazil. Journal of Democracy.

Rich Hoffman

Click Here to Protect Yourself with Second Call Defense https://www.secondcalldefense.org/?affiliate=20707

The Conditions that Make People Poor: Bill Gates as usual, is way off the mark

In the modern discourse surrounding climate change, healthcare, and economic disparity, we often find ourselves circling the same ideological drain without ever confronting the root of the issue: how we define and address poverty. Recently, Bill Gates made headlines by walking back some of his climate change positions, suggesting that economic development must be prioritized alongside environmental goals. This echoes a more profound truth—one that Donald Trump touched on when he proposed sending healthcare payments directly to individuals rather than filtering them through bureaucratic systems. These moments reveal a fundamental tension in our society: the battle between centralized control and individual empowerment. At the heart of this tension lies a philosophical divide between those who believe in micromanaging outcomes through administrative states and those who believe in unleashing human potential through economic liberty. The former seeks to engineer fairness through redistribution, while the latter aims to cultivate prosperity by removing barriers to opportunity.

This divide is best understood through the lens of The Oz Principle, published in 1994 by Roger Connors, Tom Smith, and Craig Hickman, a widely respected business philosophy that categorizes individuals and cultures as either “above the line” or “below the line.” I love the book and its sequel, The Oz Principle Journey, which was published in 2011, many years later, offering a wealth of new ideas that utilize Wizard of Oz metaphors to articulate effective business practices and the proper social conduct of society at large.  Above-the-line thinkers are proactive, solution-oriented, and driven by positive energy. They ask, “What else can I do?” and take ownership of outcomes. Below-the-line thinkers, by contrast, dwell in a state of victimhood, blaming others and avoiding accountability. In business, cultures dominated by above-the-line thinkers thrive—they innovate, adapt, and grow. Cultures saturated with below-the-line mentalities stagnate, collapse, or become toxic. The same applies to nations. When a country fosters a culture of victimization, entitlement, and dependency, it creates systemic poverty. It’s not merely about access to resources; it’s about the mindset with which people approach life. Suppose the dominant narrative teaches individuals that they are powerless, oppressed, or owed something by the state. In that case, the result is a population that waits for handouts rather than builds solutions.

This is the trap of the administrative state, particularly as envisioned by modern leftist ideologies. The Democrat Party, increasingly driven by collectivist impulses, seeks to centralize control over healthcare, education, and economic redistribution. Their vision of “fairness” is not about equal opportunity but about equal outcomes, regardless of effort or merit. They create systems that reward victimhood and penalize initiative. Public education, once a bastion of enlightenment and upward mobility, has become a breeding ground for thought patterns that are below the line. Teachers, often radicalized by personal grievances and ideological indoctrination, pass on a worldview that prioritizes identity politics, grievance culture, and dependency over personal responsibility, excellence, and ambition. Instead of teaching Shakespeare or the principles of economics, they teach children to see themselves as oppressed, marginalized, and incapable of success without government intervention. This is not education—it’s indoctrination into failure.

As of 2025, approximately 10.1% of the global population—roughly 839 million people—live in extreme poverty, defined by the World Bank as surviving on less than $3.00 per day (2021 PPP). The burden of poverty is not evenly distributed across all individuals. Sub-Saharan Africa remains the most affected region, with 46% of its population living in extreme poverty. Within this region, Eastern and Southern Africa report rates exceeding 53%, while Western and Central Africa hover around 35.7%. In stark contrast, high-income countries and territories, such as Europe, East Asia, and North America, report poverty rates below 1%, underscoring the profound impact of economic systems and governance on wealth distribution.

The disparity in GDP per capita between economically free and administratively controlled nations is staggering. In 2025, Luxembourg leads the world with a GDP per capita of $141,080, followed by Switzerland ($111,716), Ireland ($107,243), and Singapore ($93,956). These nations consistently rank among the highest in economic freedom indices, characterized by low regulatory burdens, strong property rights, and open markets. Meanwhile, countries with heavy administrative oversight and limited economic freedom—such as Burundi, South Sudan, and the Central African Republic—report GDP per capita figures below $1,000, reflecting the economic stagnation that results from centralized control and restricted market access.

The Fraser Institute’s Economic Freedom of the World (EFW) report reveals a direct correlation between economic freedom and prosperity. Nations in the freest quartile enjoy an average income of $40,376, compared to just $5,649 in the least free quartile—a 7.1x difference. The poorest 10% in free economies earn 7.9x more than their counterparts in the least free nations. Moreover, life expectancy in free countries is 15 years longer, and infant mortality rates are 6.8x lower. The UN World Happiness Index also shows that citizens in economically free nations report life satisfaction scores two points higher on average than those in restrictive economies.  These metrics confirm that economic liberty is not just a path to wealth—it’s a foundation for human flourishing.  If you want to help people have access to wealth, teach them, and empower them to be “above the line people.”  Solution-based and to enjoy the result of that way of thinking with wealth creation, the ability to enjoy a full bank account, and the results of a task well done. 

The rise of the administrative state—defined by expansive government agencies that regulate economic activity—has been linked to sluggish growth and persistent poverty. While initially intended to address industrial complexity and social inequality, these bureaucracies often stifle innovation and delay wealth creation. The U.S. federal administrative apparatus now issues thousands of regulations annually, with the Code of Federal Regulations exceeding 185,000 pages, quadruple the size of the U.S. Code of Laws passed by Congress.  This regulatory overload disproportionately affects small businesses and low-income entrepreneurs, who face barriers to entry and limited access to capital. In contrast, countries that have adopted deregulation, sound monetary policies, and trade expansion have experienced significant reductions in poverty and increases in GDP.

The solution is not more government, more regulation, or more redistribution. The solution is to cultivate a culture of thinking above the line. This means empowering individuals to take control of their lives, make better decisions, and pursue success through effort and innovation. Capitalism, despite its imperfections, remains the most effective mechanism for lifting people out of poverty because it rewards productivity, creativity, and personal responsibility. When people have access to capital and the freedom to use it, they build wealth—not just for themselves, but for their communities and nations. The administrative state, by contrast, stifles this process. It throws up regulatory stop sticks, preventing people from even starting a lemonade stand. It confiscates wealth under the guise of fairness and redistributes it through inefficient bureaucracies that serve more to perpetuate their own existence than to solve problems. To reduce poverty, we must dismantle these barriers, reject the cult of victimization, and return to a model that celebrates personal agency, economic liberty, and the power of positive thinking. That’s how you build a society that thrives—not by managing poverty, but by eliminating the conditions that create it.  Too much “below the line thinking” creates depraved conditions that bring down all cultures.  And if you want to prevent that way of thinking, then you have to change where people are on that invisible line that we draw in the sand, above and below.  It’s not a political line, it’s one of personal responsibility.  And when you teach people to be victims, of course, you are then teaching them to be poor.  And no amount of money that you throw at them will help them if they don’t think right about how to use it. 

Rich Hoffman

Click Here to Protect Yourself with Second Call Defense https://www.secondcalldefense.org/?affiliate=20707

John Bolton, and Many Others Need to Go To Jail: I would argue their punishment should be much worse

Of course, John Bolton should go to jail.  Trump put people like him in important positions during his first term to appease the never-Trumpers, and it didn’t work out.  And Bolton was given a good job —and a really important one —as National Security Advisor of the United States.  And what he did was take that job and abuse it to make Trump look bad personally.  He always intended to write a tell-all book, and he sent classified documents home to his wife and daughter for it while he was on the job. For that irresponsible and deeply political act, he needs to go to jail.  And I would argue, worse.  I think it’s a firing squad offense.  But Trump tried to bring in people like Bolton to do these jobs where there were better people out there.  And if Trump didn’t, we would probably still be dancing around the bowl with some of these guys.  But Bolton, like Clapper, Comey, Pelosi, Bill Barr, Mike Pence, Paul Ryan, Mitch McConnell, Chuck Schumer, and a whole host of terrible people who played nice to his face but were detrimental backstabbers behind the scenes, openly plotted the destruction of our country.  What they did was far worse than Benedict Arnold’s betrayal of George Washington.  And Bolton committed his crime, thinking that there was no legal system on earth that would prosecute him.  It’s a little secret in the Beltway when you get out into the mansions of Fairfax, just a half hour or so outside the city on the other side of the Potomac.  They look at the executive that people put in the White House as something to wait out and overcome.  And laugh at them because of their lack of any real power.  This is where the idea of self-government, going back to the Bible’s Book of Judges, traces its roots.  How do you give someone the authority to run a society without denying the right to self-rule of the people who vote for people to represent them in high office?  In that ambiguity, people like John Bolton game the system for personal reasons, and they have been horrible for our country.

And notice how it goes, Bolton wrote a book about his classified information leaks, so it’s not like he can deny he did it.  There is plenty of evidence to indict him on.  I’ve been through that Grand Jury process, so I know what goes into prosecutors’ presentations of evidence to secure an indictment.  And for something like this, his book was the clear evidence.  But here’s the thing, and this is the trend of tomorrow: all this double-dipping and profiting off society’s scandals have to come to an end if we are going to lead the world as a capitalist nation.  And that is what is on the table.  It has been for years, but with Trump, we are talking about the first fundamental steps beyond a cosmetic effort at genuine self-governance.  How do you give through an election the power of an executive office to be effective while not trampling on people’s rights in the process?  John Bolton did not have the right to steal classified information for his book, then cry foul when he got caught, because he committed the crime with the “everybody does it defense.”  John Bolton must go to jail and pay for his crimes.  He needs his life destroyed.  But he’s not alone.  If you go to the Walmart out there at Tyson’s Corner in Fairfax, just down the road from the CIA, I would say 1 out of 4 people shopping there need to go to jail for their own abuses of the government for their personal profit.  The situation is that bad, and Trump and his team are just now beginning to clean it all up. 

Bolton lives about 10 miles from where I was talking about. I know how things go along that I-495 traffic pattern.  There are a lot of John Boltons out there, and when they are given opportunities to do good, they should.  If they choose to betray our country, then we must punish them to let others know what will happen to them under the same conditions.  And for clarity on this issue, it really helps people to have a good understanding of the Bible.  I really hate having conversations with people about the Bible where they immediately gravitate to the teachings of Jesus Christ.  That is usually because they haven’t read the Bible for themselves, but rather have just trusted some lazy pastor to translate it for them.  They might carry it around, but they never read it for what it is.  And in the stories of the Bible, there is the struggle for good government, whether on earth or in Heaven.  Even God has trouble with scandalous characters who betray him at every opportunity.  And the Bible struggles with this issue from cover to cover.  The tragedy of Jesus, and as some people say, the redemption is in the forgiveness of sin, as if to say, people will be people.  So let’s forgive them and move on.  Which is precisely why John Bolton thought he would get away with stealing classified documents and writing a book he hoped would make him rich, thanks to his access to the White House.  But in history, he is just one more Judas betraying someone trying to do something good.  It’s the exact nature as the Israelites worshiping Astaroth at the Temple with sex sacrifices until God punished them into worshipping only him, for their own good.  If not punished, they always strayed and betrayed, as many people do these days, because nobody ever wants the responsibility for punishing them. (1 Samual 7:4)

Bolton faces 18 felony counts related to the mishandling of classified information under the Espionage Act (18 U.S.C. 793), specifically, eight counts of unlawful transmission of national defense information, for allegedly sending highly sensitive materials via personal email and messaging apps to unauthorized individuals.  This was learned about because the Iranians hacked his email account.  And we know that because we hacked Iran’s.  Then there are 10 counts of unlawful retention of national defense information, the keeping of classified documents, notes, and writings at his home.   He then used this information to write the book The Room Where It Happened, which was released in 2020, and the only defense Bolton had was that the Biden administration didn’t prosecute him because his book was cleared by the FBI before it was released.  Everyone learned about the Iranians hacking his account in 2021.  But since the government was decidedly anti-Trump at the time under the Biden administration, the authorities appear to have wanted Bolton to write a tell-all book negative about Trump to impact the next election cycle and solidify Trump’s exile from public office.  They never thought Trump would be back, or that people would vote for him as popularly as they did.  So they broke a lot of laws, betrayed our country in the worst ways possible, and felt free to shop at Walmart at Tyson’s Corner and buy $400 televisions for their oversized mancaves without a care in the world about their crimes.  So yes, he needs to be punished, along with many thousands of others who are just as bad, and they all have it coming.  And this is where forgiveness is not the correct method of justice.  Because if we turn the other cheek, they’ll just keep doing these evil acts.  I think our wrath has to draw inspiration from the Old Testament.  God would approve.

Rich Hoffman

Click Here to Protect Yourself with Second Call Defense https://www.secondcalldefense.org/?affiliate=20707