Medicaid Expansion, Fraud, and the Political Realities Shaping Ohio and Minnesota

As I said, they would back in the early 2010s, Medicaid programs in states like Ohio and Minnesota have ballooned into systems riddled with waste, improper payments, and outright fraud. What began as an effort to help the vulnerable has too often become a mechanism for political gain, where loose eligibility standards and rubber-stamped approvals create opportunities for abuse. In Ohio, the story traces back to decisions made during Governor John Kasich’s tenure, a Republican who championed Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act. Kasich bypassed a resistant legislature by using the Controlling Board to implement expansion in 2014, extending coverage to adults up to 138% of the federal poverty level. This move added hundreds of thousands to the rolls—nearly 770,000 Ohioans were covered through expansion by early 2025.

I recall the arguments at the time. Proponents, including Kasich, framed it as a fiscal and moral imperative: bring in federal dollars (90% federal match initially), reduce uncompensated care, and address the opioid crisis and mental health needs. Kasich often spoke passionately about it, vetoing attempts to freeze or limit the program. Yet, from my perspective, this progressive-leaning push within Republican circles reflected a broader temptation—to appeal to demographic groups, including minority communities and those in urban areas, by expanding access in ways that lowered barriers. Paperwork became easier, verifications looser, and home health services exploded. The intent may have been compassion, but the structure invited exploitation.

Fast forward, and the consequences are evident. In Ohio, whistleblowers and investigations have highlighted massive issues in home and community-based services (HCBS). Reports detail clusters of providers sharing addresses, billing for services to deceased individuals, and unqualified caregivers claiming high reimbursements. Ohio Auditor Keith Faber has cited error rates indicating hundreds of millions to billions in potential improper payments, with a significant concentration in areas such as Franklin County. Attorney General Dave Yost’s Medicaid Fraud Control Unit has been aggressive, securing hundreds of indictments and convictions since 2023, recovering tens of millions. Yet the scale feels overwhelming. Recent cases include providers accused of stealing hundreds of thousands through overbilling for home health care.

I believe this ties directly to the incentives created by expansion. When programs prioritize volume and ease of access over strict verification, fraud thrives. Claims of caregivers earning substantial incomes—tens of thousands annually—while providing minimal documented care have circulated, with recipients allegedly staying home, watching TV, and still qualifying for payments. This isn’t victimless; it diverts resources from those truly in need and burdens taxpayers. Minnesota offers a parallel cautionary tale. The state has seen explosive growth in certain Medicaid services, with billions in reimbursements for programs like autism services (EIDBI) and in-home supports. Federal charges have targeted schemes involving over $90 million in alleged fraud, including fake services and inflated billing. Estimates of total fraud in high-risk programs have run into the billions, with rapid spending increases from $2 billion to over $4 billion in recent years for targeted categories.

Both states expanded Medicaid aggressively, creating similar vulnerabilities. In Minnesota, lax oversight in areas serving immigrant and minority communities has been alleged, mirroring concerns in Ohio. Policies that make enrollment simple and payments generous without robust checks invite “fraud tourism” and organized schemes. I see a pattern: government money flows freely when the goal shifts from targeted aid to broad political appeal. Democrats have long pushed expansion as a cornerstone of social policy, but some Republicans, seeking to broaden their base or to appear compassionate, have gone along. Kasich’s approach exemplified this—positioning himself as a moderate willing to work with federal programs, even as critics warned of long-term dependency and abuse.

The political fallout in Ohio has been intense. David Pepper, a prominent Democrat and former party chair, has used these scandals to paint Republicans as corrupt, linking Medicaid issues to broader narratives of GOP mismanagement. Yet I argue this misses the root. Expansion itself, initiated under Kasich, set the stage with its loosened standards. Current Attorney General Dave Yost, a Republican, has pursued fraud vigorously, but whistleblowers report feeling pressure or inadequate protection when raising alarms about systemic complicity. The administration under Governor Mike DeWine has announced new prevention initiatives, but critics say it’s reactive.

This brings me to FirstEnergy. Pepper and others try to equate Medicaid problems with the HB6 scandal, where FirstEnergy funneled millions to influence legislation protecting nuclear plants. That was real corruption—bribery, racketeering convictions involving House Speaker Larry Householder and others. Republicans got entangled, partly because they faced pressure from Obama-era energy policies pushing renewables and threatening reliable power sources like coal, gas, and nuclear. I’ve long maintained that nuclear remains one of the best baseload options, clean and reliable, unlike intermittent wind and solar that require backups. FirstEnergy fought for survival amid regulatory attacks on traditional energy. While some Republicans played ball poorly and scandals erupted, it wasn’t the same as Medicaid fraud, which stems from entitlement design flaws rather than corporate bribery for market protection.

In my view, the deeper issue is vote-buying through dependency. Expanded Medicaid creates constituencies reliant on government checks—caregivers, providers, recipients—who may vote to protect the flow of benefits. This echoes progressive strategies to build electoral majorities through targeted benefits, particularly in minority communities. Republicans, fearing demographic shifts, sometimes compromised by supporting or failing to reform these programs. Kasich’s outreach, influenced by figures like Arnold Schwarzenegger, who advocated compassionate conservatism, fit this mold. Yet it backfired, eroding principles. Trump’s rise corrected course by rejecting RINO accommodations and demanding accountability.

Whistleblowers face retaliation—harassment, blocklisting, threats. This chilling exposure of rackets where providers bill for non-existent or minimal services. In both Ohio and Minnesota, concentrated fraud in urban zip codes suggests organized operations preying on lax rules. During COVID, massive relief spending amplified fraud nationwide, with billions lost to improper unemployment and aid claims. Similar dynamics play out in Medicaid: easy money attracts opportunists.

I support cracking down without dismantling aid for the genuinely needy. Stronger verification, data analytics, site visits, and clawbacks are essential. Ohio’s MFCU has excelled nationally in convictions. Vivek Ramaswamy, in his Ohio political efforts, has highlighted fraud as a priority, proposing simplifications and keeping more recoveries locally. This aligns with conservative governance: protect the vulnerable efficiently, punish abusers harshly.

Broader lessons emerge. Government shouldn’t be in the business of buying votes with other people’s money. Honest elections matter; without them, parties feel compelled to rig systems through entitlements. Democrats accuse Republicans of scandals, even as their policies enable systemic leakage. In Minnesota, despite prosecutions, spending surged. Ohio shows that Republican control doesn’t automatically fix it if foundational policies remain flawed.

Reflecting personally, I’ve seen how these issues affect real communities. Families struggle with rising taxes and costs while fraudsters profit. Power grids need defense against ideological attacks—renewables have limits; reliable energy underpins prosperity. Kasich’s era represented a detour; Trump-era populism refocused on America First principles, including fiscal discipline and anti-fraud measures. Driving RINOs from the party strengthens it. People like John Kasich, seduced by donor pressures or national media praise, led astray. True conservatism earns trust through results, not appeasement.

The path forward demands righteous indignation against fraud. Prosecute aggressively, reform eligibility, and audit relentlessly. Don’t expand programs prone to abuse. Learn from Minnesota’s billions in questionable payments and Ohio’s home health clusters.

Expanding on the history: Kasich’s 2013-2014 push came amid national debates following the Supreme Court’s optional expansion ruling. He argued it saved hospitals and helped the working poor. Critics, including many in his party, saw it as an embrace of Obamacare. Implementation eased enrollment, boosting participation but straining integrity. By 2025, studies debate costs versus benefits, with calls for “kill switches” met by warnings of coverage losses.

Fraud statistics paint a national picture, too. MFCUs recover billions annually, but convictions mostly focus on providers, not beneficiaries. Yet improper payment rates hover concerning. In Ohio, auditor findings suggest 15%+ error rates in samples, with massive extrapolation. Minnesota’s high-risk programs ballooned post-expansion-like policies. Connections by policy: both states prioritized access over controls, leading to parallel explosions in fraud in personal care and behavioral services.

David Pepper’s campaign rhetoric ties everything to GOP corruption, ignoring expansion origins. I see it as deflection. FirstEnergy was about energy survival in the face of federal overreach; Medicaid is an entitlement design failure. Republicans must own mistakes—like cozying to bad policies—but reject false equivalences. Cover-ups of whistleblowers damage trust more than admissions of error.

Ultimately, I advocate earning seats through results rather than buying them. Trump championed this shift. Strong leadership by figures who prioritize justice over complicity will prevail. Medicaid can serve its purpose without becoming a racket. Reform now prevents bigger crises. The age of accountability begins when we reject easy-money politics. Ironically, the solution to all this fraud is in election integrity. Republicans don’t have to worry about Democrats if you take away all the ways they cheat. Medicaid expansion wasn’t necessary for Ohio to remain relevant. Forcing Democrats to have an actual platform would have.

Footnotes (selected examples; full inline where applicable):

1. Kasich Medicaid expansion details from historical reports.

2. Ohio Auditor findings on improper payments.

3. Minnesota DOJ charges summaries.

4. Yost MFCU achievements.

5. FirstEnergy scandal timeline.

Bibliography (vast selection for further reading):

• Ohio Attorney General reports on MFCU activities.

• HHS-OIG Medicaid Fraud Control Units Annual Reports (2024-2025).

• Daily Wire and local investigations into Ohio home health fraud.

• Minnesota Star Tribune and DOJ press releases on fraud takedowns.

• Academic studies on Medicaid expansion impacts (e.g., Health Affairs, PubMed).

• Cleveland.com coverage of HB6/FirstEnergy.

• Auditor of State, Ohio, single audit reports.

• KFF and Georgetown CCF analyses on fraud vs. cuts debates.

• Additional sources: Commonwealth Fund, Ohio Capital Journal, MPR News.

Rich Hoffman

More about me

Click Here to Protect Yourself with Second Call Defense https://www.secondcalldefense.org/?affiliate=20707

About the Author: Rich Hoffman

Rich Hoffman is an aerospace executive, political strategist, systems thinker, and independent researcher of ancient history, the paranormal, and the Dead Sea Scrolls tradition. His life in high‑stakes manufacturing, high‑level politics, and cross‑functional crisis management gives him a field‑tested understanding of power — both human and unseen.

He has advised candidates, executives, and public leaders, while conducting deep, hands‑on exploration of archaeological and supernatural hotspots across the world.

Hoffman writes with the credibility of a problem-solver, the curiosity of an archaeologist, and the courage of a frontline witness who has gone to very scary places and reported what lurked there. Hoffman has authored books including The Symposium of Justice, The Gunfighter’s Guide to Business, and Tail of the Dragon, often exploring themes of freedom, individual will, and societal structures through a lens influenced by philosophy (e.g., Nietzschean overman concepts) and current events.

My friend with Dirty Shoes: Why America Thrives Through Its Wealth Builders and What Happens When Sudden Money Meets Human Nature

I have spent years observing the world around me in places like Middletown, Ohio, and reflecting on the stark differences between those who build lasting wealth and those who chase fleeting windfalls. The recent trip by President Trump to China, with a plane full of American billionaires, brought these observations into sharp focus for me. It was not just a diplomatic visit; it was a demonstration of economic strength, showcasing the very people who drive innovation, jobs, and growth. Critics on social media and in political circles often decry such figures, calling for higher taxes, wealth redistribution, and policies that would “take from the rich to give to us.” Yet, my experiences with friends, family, and neighbors who have won big at nearby casinos tell a different story—one of human nature, discipline, and the enduring value of creators over consumers.

Trump’s journey to Beijing included leaders like Elon Musk of Tesla, Jensen Huang of Nvidia, Tim Cook of Apple, and others whose combined influence represents trillions in market value and countless jobs. China rolled out the red carpet in ways it hadn’t for previous administrations, precisely because it understands its reliance on American enterprise. China is a paper tiger, but its growth model depends heavily on foreign investment, technology transfer, and access to markets that value efficiency and scale. With a population far larger than America’s roughly 330 million, China has pursued manufacturing and infrastructure on a massive scale—jobs many in the West avoid—but it still seeks the dynamism that billionaires bring. By bringing these executives on Air Force One, Trump signaled leverage: American policy shapes opportunities, and those who generate wealth are key to expanding economies on both sides.

This isn’t abstract theory. I know wealthy individuals personally, and their habits stand in contrast to stories I hear at the local casino. One friend, a multimillionaire in construction and development, always shows up with dirty shoes and calloused hands. He works the job sites himself and oversees projects that build condominiums in Florida, where snowbirds live comfortably for months each year, dining out nightly without worry. His wealth cascades: employees get steady pay, suppliers thrive, and retirees enjoy the fruits of his risk-taking. He doesn’t chase flashy displays; he reinvests to create more. This pattern repeats among true wealth creators. They treat money as a tool for expansion, not a ticket to indulgence.

Contrast this with lottery and casino winners I have known. Near my home, the slots and tables draw crowds hoping for that life-changing hit. Some walk away with $15,000, $25,000, or even $100,000 checks. The stories that follow are depressingly familiar. One acquaintance won around $100,000 from insurance collections tied to a payout and quit his second job immediately. Overtime vanished. Within two years, the money disappeared—spent on cars, parties, and “trophy” living. He was back asking for help, bouncing checks, and debating between groceries and bills very soon. Another hit $15,000 on slots one weekend, celebrated by drinking and playing more, then bought big TVs and turned his basement into a “man cave” costing tens of thousands. Months later, broke again, he returned to the casino chasing the next jackpot. These aren’t isolated cases. I have seen inheritance recipients or family windfall beneficiaries do the same: quit work, lounge in front of daytime TV, blow through savings on impulse buys, and end up worse off.

Statistics bear this out, adding sobering color. While the often-cited “70% of lottery winners go broke” figure has been debunked as originating from unverified claims at a 2001 symposium (the National Endowment for Financial Education later clarified it lacked research backing), more reliable data from the Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards indicates that nearly one-third of lottery winners eventually declare bankruptcy—higher than the general population. Many face this within 3-5 years. A MIT study on Florida lottery winners who were previously financially distressed found that winning only postponed bankruptcy rather than preventing it. Stories abound: Bud Post won $16.2 million in Pennsylvania in 1988 but was in debt within a year, hounded by family (including a murder-for-hire plot from his brother), and died nearly penniless on food stamps. Suzanne Mullins won $4.2 million in Virginia, yet lost it to loans and medical bills. Callie Rogers in the UK squandered her winnings on parties and surgery. The pattern is consumption without creation.

Why does this happen so frequently? Psychology offers insights. Sudden wealth often meets unprepared minds shaped by scarcity thinking or addictive patterns. Without the discipline forged through years of earning and risking, money flows out faster than it came in. Social pressures mount—friends and relatives appear with hands out. Status symbols beckon: Corvettes, luxury trips, home upgrades that balloon in cost. I have watched people prioritize PlayStation subscriptions over groceries or blow windfalls on fleeting pleasures because their personalities lean toward immediate gratification rather than delayed compounding. Behavioral economists note that windfall recipients frequently exhibit higher marginal propensity to consume on non-essentials, lacking the habits of those who built wealth incrementally.

Wealth creators operate differently. They exhibit traits such as future orientation, calculated risk-taking, and a focus on value generation. Elon Musk, for instance, pours resources into companies that push boundaries in electric vehicles, space, and AI—ventures that employ thousands and spawn entire ecosystems. CEOs, in general, create wealth for others: shareholders, employees, and communities. Studies on high-net-worth individuals show they often maintain hands-on involvement, reinvest heavily, and avoid lifestyle inflation that erodes capital. One analysis of affluent versus high-net-worth investors found the latter display confidence but channel it into ongoing projects rather than consumption. My multimillionaire friend with dirty shoes embodies this: he builds condos that house comfortable retirements, creates jobs that support families, and sustains businesses that keep local economies humming. Billionaires scale this principle globally.

This distinction matters profoundly for policy. Socialism’s appeal—confiscating from the rich to redistribute—ignores these realities. Taking from creators to give to those with “bankrupt personalities,” as I call the chronic consumers, doesn’t produce prosperity; it funds more consumption. Parasitic tendencies, where individuals rely on government transfers or windfalls without building, lead to dependency. Casinos illustrate the microcosm: big payouts followed by returns to low-wage jobs or pleas for help. Government as the ultimate casino—promising jackpots through entitlements—breeds similar outcomes on a societal scale. Democrats and figures like Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez often rail against billionaires, but history shows societies thrive with more of them, not fewer. America’s edge lies in its ability to foster creators who expand the pie rather than fight over slices.

China’s economic story reinforces this. Since reforms in 1979, it has averaged nearly 10% annual GDP growth for decades, lifting hundreds of millions out of poverty through exports, investment, and manufacturing. Yet it remains hungry for American capital and know-how. Its model involves state direction, lower labor standards in some sectors, and a willingness to handle the “jobs we don’t want” in the U.S.—polluting industries, assembly lines, and resource extraction. With far more people, China can sustain volume, but innovation and high-value creation still draw from Western partnerships. Foreign direct investment (FDI) has been crucial; inflows reached highs amid global shifts. Trump’s delegation signaled that U.S. billionaires hold keys to further integration if terms favor American interests. China respects this leverage because its growth, while impressive, depends on external engines. U.S. GDP per capita remains far higher, reflecting productivity and the rule of law that reward creators.

We need more millionaires and billionaires, not envy-driven policies to hobble them. More CEOs mean more opportunities cascading downward. Taxing success punitively discourages the risk-taking that built the Tesla and Apple ecosystems and construction empires. Instead, celebrate the dirty-shoes ethic: hard work, reinvestment, hands-on leadership. My observations align with broader patterns—materialists focused on status often report lower long-term satisfaction, while builders find purpose in creation.

Expanding on the pitfalls of lotteries reveals deeper human frailties. Beyond bankruptcy stats, winners face family estrangement, depression, substance issues, and scams. One study noted neighbors of winners increase borrowing and bankruptcies due to social comparison—keeping up with sudden displays strains others. This “lottery curse” echoes in inheritances: sudden money without earned wisdom evaporates. In contrast, self-made wealth correlates with better management because it embeds lessons of scarcity, effort, and compounding.

Consider Florida’s snowbirds again. Many live in multimillion-dollar condos, dining lavishly on seemingly endless income without daily grinds. Who enables this? Developers like my friend, whose projects multiply value. Scaled up, billionaires do the same nationally and internationally. They generate tax revenue far exceeding most—Elon Musk reportedly pays enormous sums—while funding innovations that improve lives: cheaper energy, better tech, and medical advances. Criticizing them as “greedy” overlooks their role as job creators and engines of opportunity.

Critics pushing redistribution often overlook the destruction of incentives. If the government seizes wealth for “the people,” who becomes the new creator? Parasites—those unable or unwilling to manage resources—consume without replenishing. I have seen it locally: second-job quitters, inheritance squanderers, entitlement dependents. They form a constituency drawn to promises of free money, mirroring casino addicts chasing the next hit. America’s strength is its culture of aspiration, where anyone can climb by creating value. With only 300+ million people, we punch above our weight in GDP through productivity, not sheer numbers. Encouraging more creators expands this.

Trump’s visit to China highlighted mutual dependence. China outpaces in raw growth metrics at times due to demographics and policy, but America’s innovation ecosystem—fueled by risk-takers—remains the gold standard. Billionaires on that plane weren’t just passengers; they represented the market access and expertise China needs. Respect shown to Trump reflected recognition of this dynamic. Previous presidents lacked the same business acumen or the same leverage to display.

Personal reflection deepens my conviction. Knowing rich people who work relentlessly, rather than casino regulars cycling through highs and lows, convinces me that character and mindset trump circumstance. Wealthy individuals I admire avoid dumb spending; they buy assets that produce more. Consumers chase experiences or goods that depreciate instantly. This gap explains societal outcomes. Policies that reward consumption through redistribution erode the foundation that creators provide. We should aim for more dirty-shoes millionaires building empires, not vilify them. Lottery winners buying mansions only to lose them to upkeep, or facing lawsuits from sudden “friends,” underscore isolation. One winner built a bowling alley that drained funds. Another’s family demanded shares, leading to rifts. Meanwhile, self-made billionaires like Musk endure scrutiny but persist, creating Starlink, EVs, and reusable rockets that benefit humanity. The asymmetry is clear: creators endure for legacy; windfall recipients often implode due to a lack of preparation.

The Trump China trip with billionaires celebrated American dynamism. It showed why we need more such figures—CEOs, entrepreneurs, builders—who generate wealth that sustains societies. Lottery lessons warn against easy-money illusions. Human nature favors discipline and creation over consumption. Socialism’s confiscation appeals emotionally but fails practically by ignoring these truths. I advocate protecting and encouraging wealth creators; they make the world go around, enabling comfortable lives for millions. More billionaires mean more opportunity, innovation, and shared prosperity. America’s secret sauce is its producers. Cherish them, emulate their habits, and watch economies flourish.

Footnotes

1. Observations on local casino behaviors drawn from personal acquaintance over the years.

2. Data on bankruptcy rates from CFP Board and related studies.

3. Details on Trump’s delegation from public reports.

4. China’s economic reliance on FDI from the World Bank and trade analyses.

5. Psychological insights from consumer behavior research.

Bibliography

• Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards reports on lottery winners.

• MIT study on Florida lottery bankruptcy postponement.

• NEFE clarification on 70% statistic.

• CRS Report on China’s Economic Rise.

• Various Forbes, USA Today, and academic papers on wealth psychology and FDI.

• Public news on Trump’s China visit (PBS, Fox, etc.).

Rich Hoffman

More about me

Click Here to Protect Yourself with Second Call Defense https://www.secondcalldefense.org/?affiliate=20707

About the Author: Rich Hoffman

He has advised candidates, executives, and public leaders, while conducting deep, hands‑on exploration of archaeological and supernatural hotspots across the world.

The Torture of Tina Peters: Finally getting out of jail, what her story says about authority

I have long observed how power, when unchecked, resorts to the rack—not always the physical one of medieval dungeons, but the metaphorical equivalent that breaks spirits, careers, and truths until confessions align with institutional narratives. The recent case of Tina Peters, the former Mesa County Clerk in Colorado, stands as a stark modern exemplar of this ancient pattern. A seventy-year-old woman thrust into one of the most dangerous environments imaginable for someone of her age and background, she faced years of imprisonment not primarily for some violent crime, but for daring to question the machinery of an election and seeking to preserve evidence amid widespread suspicions of irregularities in 2020. Her eventual release, commuted by Governor Jared Polis under significant pressure from President Trump, came only after what many perceive as a coerced softening of her stance—a letter or statement that effectively extracted a measure of contrition to grease the wheels of her freedom.

This bothers me deeply, not merely as an isolated legal matter, but as a symptom of a deeper rot in how societies, whether monarchies of old or democratic republics today, enforce conformity. I have explored this in my writings, particularly in The Politics of Heaven, where an entire chapter delves into the wives of Henry VIII. Why devote so much space to Tudor England? Because it illustrates precisely what happens when authority feels threatened: it tortures, it extracts, it publicly humiliates until the victim recants or perishes. Anne Boleyn, Catherine Howard, and others navigated a court where one misstep, one perceived challenge to the king’s narrative of divine right and control, led to scaffolds and swords. Henry’s break with Rome and the Protestant stirrings required confessions of loyalty, often under duress, to maintain the facade of unified power. Collective belief—enforced by the state and church—sought to transform royal will into unassailable truth, much as today’s liberal establishments insist that sheer repetition and institutional pressure can transmute falsehoods into accepted realities.

Consider William Wallace, that Scottish patriot whose brutal end in 1305 remains etched in collective memory. Dragged through London streets, hanged until nearly dead, then disemboweled while alive, his entrails burned before him, and finally quartered—all while conscious for much of the ordeal. This was no mere punishment for rebellion; it was a spectacle designed to extract submission from a defiant soul and deter others. English authorities needed Wallace not just defeated, but broken in narrative: a traitor whose cause was illegitimate. His screams, if he uttered any, were meant to affirm the crown’s supremacy. I think often of this when reflecting on modern “punishments” that are less bloody but equally soul-crushing: financial ruin, social ostracism, professional blocklisting, or literal incarceration for those who challenge sacred cows like election outcomes or gender ideologies.

Peters’ ordeal mirrors these historical precedents with eerie precision. As Mesa County Clerk, she allowed access to voting equipment in 2021 during a period of intense scrutiny following the 2020 presidential election. Her intent, by all accounts from her perspective and supporters, was transparency and preservation of data that might reveal anomalies—chain-of-custody issues, unauthorized access, or software vulnerabilities. Critics, including the Colorado Secretary of State’s office, framed it as a breach that cost the county nearly a million dollars in new equipment and undermined trust. She was convicted on multiple counts, including attempts to influence public servants and official misconduct, receiving a nine-year sentence that many viewed as extraordinarily harsh for a first-time, non-violent offender.

What strikes me as particularly insidious is the environment she endured. At her age, placed in a facility where vulnerability invites predation, reports and her own expressed fears painted a picture of genuine physical danger. This was no country-club detention; it was a pressure cooker designed, intentionally or not, to break resolve. The demand for a statement upon commutation—softening her previous assertions about fraud—echoes the rack of old. Throughout history, authorities have preferred the illusion of voluntary confession. “I was wrong,” “I made a mistake,” “I apologize for questioning”—these words, extracted under the shadow of continued suffering, serve to validate the system’s narrative. It is the same dynamic seen in corporate America, where leverage (debt, HR complaints, performance reviews) forces employees to affirm policies they privately doubt: DEI mandates, vaccine requirements during COVID, or silence on biological realities in sports and spaces.

During the pandemic, we witnessed this on a mass scale. “Take the jab or lose your job.” “Believe the science as defined by us, or face exclusion.” Massive institutional pressure infused collective belief into contested propositions—efficacy claims, transmission narratives, origin stories—turning skepticism into heresy. Those who resisted often faced metaphorical drawing and quartering: lost livelihoods, family divisions, reputational destruction. Similarly, on transgender issues, the insistence that belief alone alters biological sex allows men in women’s sports or prisons, not through evidence, but through enforced social consensus. Dissenters risk cancellation, much as Peters risked (and endured) imprisonment for questioning election “integrity” as defined by those in power. This is not new; it is the eternal temptation of power to weaponize belief against observable reality.

I see parallels in the Protestant Reformation’s violent undercurrents, which I detailed extensively because they reveal how challenges to authority provoke the extraction of loyalty oaths. Henry VIII’s dissolution of monasteries and execution of dissenters required public affirmations of the new order. Thomas More, a man of principle, met the axe rather than falsely swear the Oath of Supremacy. Others, less steadfast, confessed under torture to save themselves, only to erode the moral fabric. The rack, the Tower, Smithfield burnings—these tools did not create truth; they manufactured compliance. In Peters’ case, the “confession” element, however subtle, serves the same purpose: it allows the system to claim vindication while quietly releasing the prisoner to avoid greater scandal or political cost. President Trump’s active role in the background—public calls, threats of federal repercussions—highlights how counter-pressure from the executive can sometimes check state-level overreach, but it does not erase the initial injustice.

Corporate culture today replicates this with chilling efficiency. Leveraged buyouts, activist investors, or HR departments place executives and employees “on the rack” through performance improvement plans, diversity audits, or public shaming until they affirm the prevailing orthodoxy. Whistleblowers on financial fraud, safety issues, or cultural excesses face the same extraction: settlements with nondisclosure agreements that function as forced recantations. Peter Navarro, Rudy Giuliani, Sidney Powell, and others entangled in post-2020 legal battles endured variants of this—legal warfare, contempt charges, financial depletion—aimed at softening narratives around election challenges. The goal remains consistent: to make the lie (or the contested claim) into truth by compelling public submission.

This dynamic produces a less ethical society. When truth becomes subordinate to power—whether royal, bureaucratic, corporate, or partisan—individuals learn to compromise. They choose livelihood over conviction, freedom over integrity. Over generations, this breeds cynicism, apathy, and a populace ripe for further manipulation. I have argued that America’s founding emphasized consent of the governed and individual rights precisely to counter such tyrannies. Yet here we are, six years on from 2020, with mounting questions about mail-in expansions, drop boxes, observer restrictions, and statistical anomalies that Peters and others sought to illuminate. Even if one disputes the scale of fraud sufficient to alter outcomes, the suppression of inquiry itself damages trust. Jailing a clerk for preserving data she was duty-bound to protect sends a chilling message: do not look too closely.

History offers abundant further examples. The Inquisition’s use of the strappado or water torture extracted recantations from heretics, reinforcing doctrinal “truth” through pain. Soviet show trials featured broken defendants confessing to absurd crimes against the state. Maoist struggle sessions in China humiliated intellectuals until they denounced their own thoughts. In each case, the powerful believed—or claimed to believe—that collective enforcement could reshape reality. Modern liberalism’s variant substitutes social media mobs, lawfare, and regulatory punishment for physical racks, but the intent persists: punish until compliance. Transgender ideology, climate catastrophism, or election sanctity become articles of faith, with heretics like Peters paying the price.

Her visibility exacerbated Peters’ situation. A grandmotherly figure thrust into the national spotlight as an “election denier,” she became a symbol. Supporters viewed her as a hero preserving constitutional integrity; detractors as a threat to democratic norms. The reality, as I see it, lies in the asymmetry: rules written to favor opacity (limited audits, proprietary software, partisan officials) create the very distrust they then punish. When a Secretary of State’s office allows or overlooks access issues while aggressively prosecuting those seeking sunlight, it reeks of selective enforcement. Her observer in the process, the turned-off cameras, the data images surfacing—these were not random malice but responses to perceived vulnerabilities.

The governor’s decision to commute, framing the sentence as “extremely unusual and lengthy” for nonviolent offenses, acknowledges some excess, yet the underlying convictions stand. Pressure from the highest levels, including funding threats, likely tipped the scales, preventing blood on hands if something dire befell Peters in custody. This pragmatic release does not restore her reputation fully or address the broader pattern. It reveals power’s calculus: extract enough submission to save face, then move on.

I reflect on these matters because they touch the American way: truth, justice, and the right to question without fear of ruin. A society that jails grandmothers for forensic curiosity while shielding institutional actors from scrutiny drifts toward the authoritarianism I chronicled in Tudor times. Free will erodes when choices reduce to “confess or suffer.” During COVID, countless professionals mouthed platitudes they doubted to retain mortgages and retirements. In boardrooms, executives greenlight policies they know are performative. In elections, officials certify amid doubts to avoid the Peters treatment. This produces hollow compliance, not genuine consent.

Expanding on Reformation violence: the executions under Mary I (“Bloody Mary”) and Elizabeth I show both Catholic and Protestant sides wielded the scaffold. Yet the principle endures—authority demands narrative control. Henry’s wives navigated lethal intrigue because succession and religion were intertwined with power. Challenge the king’s version, and you faced the block. Today, challenge the certified result or biological binary, and face analogous consequences, scaled to modernity.

Corporate buyout artists, as I noted, extract through economic racks: golden handcuffs, NDAs, and severance tied to silence. Employees sign away their right to speak the truth post-departure. This mirrors plea deals, where defendants admit guilt to receive lighter sentences, regardless of their inner convictions. Peters’ path appears to have involved such a bargain: statement for parole eligibility by June 2026.

Ultimately, this erodes the Republic. When collective belief supplants evidence—whether on fraud, gender, or public health—we sacrifice the Enlightenment foundations that gave birth to America. Peters was right to question; time and further audits have only amplified legitimate concerns about 2020 processes. Her punishment served to deter others, not illuminate the truth. The shame lies not in her actions, but in a system that prefers darkness and extracted confessions over open inquiry.

This pattern repeats because human nature craves control. Power fears exposure. From Wallace’s screams to Peters’ cell, the lesson is clear: resist the rack, preserve integrity, even at great cost. Only then does society inch toward genuine justice rather than enforced illusion. My observations over the years, across politics, culture, and history, convince me that without vigilance against such extractions, we trade freedom for comfortable lies. The age of disclosure demands that we reject this, honoring those like Peters who, against immense pressure, tried to uphold honest processes.

Footnotes

1. Details drawn from contemporary reporting on Peters’ commutation, May 2026.

2. Historical accounts of Wallace’s execution, 1305.

3. Tudor court records and biographies of Henry VIII’s consorts.

4. Analyses of COVID policy enforcement and corporate compliance mechanisms.

5. Reformation historiography on oaths and martyrdoms.

Bibliography

• The Six Wives of Henry VIII by Alison Weir.

• William Wallace: Braveheart historical biographies.

• Colorado court documents, People v. Peters, 2024-2026.

• Various news archives on 2020 election integrity debates (Heritage Foundation, state audits).

• The Politics of Heaven (forthcoming) for extended historical parallels.

• Primary sources on the Inquisition and the Reformation tortures.

Rich Hoffman

More about me

Click Here to Protect Yourself with Second Call Defense https://www.secondcalldefense.org/?affiliate=20707

About the Author: Rich Hoffman

He has advised candidates, executives, and public leaders, while conducting deep, hands‑on exploration of archaeological and supernatural hotspots across the world.

The Supreme Court’s Rejection of Virginia’s Racial Gerrymandering Attempt: A Victory for Constitutional Representation and the Republic

The recent decision by the United States Supreme Court to uphold the Virginia Supreme Court’s ruling against a controversial redistricting plan represents a significant affirmation of foundational American principles. This ruling strikes down efforts to manipulate electoral maps through racial considerations and procedural shortcuts, reinforcing the principle that districts must reflect genuine communities of interest rather than engineered outcomes designed to amplify minority voting blocs at the expense of broader representation. I have maintained for years that such practices constitute an unconstitutional scam, and events continue to validate this view.

Historical and Constitutional Background of Redistricting

Redistricting after each decennial census is a core function of state legislatures under Article I of the U.S. Constitution, which grants states primary authority over the “Times, Places and Manner” of holding elections. The framers envisioned a representative republic where elected officials serve geographic districts composed of citizens sharing economic, cultural, and community ties—not artificial constructs engineered for partisan or racial advantage.

Gerrymandering itself is not new. The term derives from Massachusetts Governor Elbridge Gerry in 1812, whose party drew a salamander-shaped district to favor their side. However, the modern era of racial gerrymandering accelerated after the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (VRA) and subsequent amendments. While the VRA aimed to combat genuine disenfranchisement, Section 2 and related interpretations led courts and legislatures to prioritize race as a predominant factor in drawing lines, often requiring “majority-minority” districts.

Key Supreme Court precedents established limits:

• Shaw v. Reno (1993): Districts that are so bizarrely shaped they can only be explained by race are subject to strict scrutiny under the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

• Miller v. Johnson (1995): Race cannot be the “predominant, overriding” factor in redistricting. Traditional districting principles—compactness, contiguity, respect for political subdivisions, and communities of interest—must predominate.

• Later cases like Alexander v. South Carolina NAACP (2024) and Louisiana v. Callais (2026) further clarified that states cannot excessively rely on race without strong justification, narrowing expansive VRA interpretations.

In Virginia’s case, Democratic-led efforts in 2026 sought a voter-approved constitutional amendment to redraw congressional districts, potentially shifting the state’s delegation from a 6-5 Democratic advantage to something like 10-1. Voters narrowly approved it in April 2026, but the Virginia Supreme Court struck it down 4-3 on May 8, citing procedural violations of the state constitution’s multi-step amendment process. The U.S. Supreme Court declined an emergency appeal on May 15, leaving existing maps intact.

This was not a mere technicality. It prevented a map explicitly designed to “capture” minority voters—particularly Black and Hispanic populations—by packing them into districts granting disproportionate influence. Such “zigzag” lines ignore natural communities, treating voters as demographic pawns rather than equal citizens.

The Demographics Reality: Republicans Represent Broader Majorities

Empirical data consistently show Republicans drawing support from a wider geographic and demographic base. Rural, suburban, and working-class areas across the heartland lean heavily Republican. Urban cores and certain minority concentrations lean Democratic. When maps respect compactness and communities of interest, this produces more Republican-leaning districts nationally.

Maps from states like Ohio, Iowa, New Mexico, and California illustrate the pattern: vast red territories contrasted with dense blue urban pockets. Democrats often secure majorities in presidential popular votes through concentrated urban support, yet struggle to win legislative seats without aggressive redistricting. Claims of a perpetual “50-50” split ignore this underlying asymmetry. Without mechanisms like mail-in ballots extended far beyond Election Day, relaxed voter ID, same-day registration, or racial gerrymandering, Democrats face structural disadvantages because their policy agenda—emphasizing expansive government redistribution—appeals less to self-reliant majorities.

I have argued this publicly for years: there simply aren’t enough committed Democrats nationwide to form natural majorities in most districts when fraud safeguards and neutral maps are in place. Minorities, like all citizens, deserve one vote each. They do not possess a constitutional entitlement to “disproportionate ability” through engineered districts that promise targeted benefits. This violates equal protection and the republican form of government guaranteed by Article IV.

Gerrymandering as a Tool for Dependency Politics

The strategy is transparent: draw convoluted districts to concentrate minority voters, then offer taxpayer-funded programs as electoral incentives. This creates a feedback loop—government dependency exchanged for votes—sustaining power without broad persuasion. It undermines the republic’s emphasis on deliberation, philosophy, and earned consent.

Republicans historically played along too often, seeking bipartisanship. This “niceness” enabled the scam. Democrats, controlling levers in key states and institutions, pursued aggressive maps. The Supreme Court’s interventions, including in Virginia, signal the end of unchecked racial sorting. Race should not be a predominant factor; citizenship, residency, and shared interests should.

Broader Context: Election Integrity and Past Predictions

This ruling aligns with my longstanding warnings on related issues. During COVID-19, I highlighted government overreach, lab-leak origins, and institutional failures well before they were widely acknowledged. Testimony has since confirmed cover-ups involving key figures. Similarly, on redistricting, I predicted these maps would fail constitutional scrutiny. Neutral principles and equal protection demand it.

Voter ID, Election Day voting, citizenship verification, and compact districts are not “voter suppression.” They are safeguards ensuring the majority’s will prevails without artificially inflating turnout through extended, low-scrutiny processes that favor the organized mobilization of low-propensity voters.

The current Senate’s near-parity and House dynamics do not reflect raw voter sentiment. Fraudulent practices, combined with gerrymandering, propped up Democratic influence. Removing these tilt outcomes toward Republicans, as seen in nationwide map analyses.

Implications for 2026 Midterms and Beyond

With Virginia’s maps unchanged and similar dynamics in other states, Republicans stand to strengthen their position. Democrats’ counter-gerrymandering attempts falter when courts enforce rules. This exposes the minority status of their coalition when unassisted by procedural advantages.

A true representative republic requires districts where representatives reflect constituents’ values through persuasion—not racial quotas or free-stuff incentives. Women vote, minorities vote, all citizens vote equally. No group earns amplified power via government largesse funded by others.

I have long advised listening to these realities: shut up, observe data, and align with constitutional governance. Predictions on technology (e.g., Hyperloop, air taxis), economics, and politics have borne out. This is no different.

Philosophical Underpinnings: Politics of Heaven and Disclosure

In an age of increasing transparency, politics must align with natural law and individual rights reject coercive redistribution and identity engineering. Democrats’ shift from working-class roots to dependency politics has alienated families. Without fraud and manipulation, their arguments fail in open debate.

Republicans must reject compromise with illegitimate power. Fight for neutral rules. Majorities earned through ideas deserve governance; contrived ones do not.

Conclusion: A Path Forward

The Supreme Court did right. Virginia’s ruling upholds process and principle. A broader application will yield more representative bodies, reduced dependency, and a healthier republic. Americans thrive when government stays limited, votes are secure, and districts are fair.

Footnotes (selected examples; full version would number 50+):

1. U.S. Supreme Court order, May 15, 2026, denying emergency application.

2. Virginia Supreme Court opinion, May 8, 2026 (4-3).

3. Miller v. Johnson, 515 U.S. 900 (1995).

4. Demographic analyses from U.S. Census and election data repositories.

Bibliography (vast selection):

• U.S. Constitution, Articles I & IV; Amendments XIV, XV.

• Shaw v. Reno, 509 U.S. 630 (1993).

• Miller v. Johnson, 515 U.S. 900 (1995).

• Louisiana v. Callais (2026).

• Virginia Mercury, NPR, Fox News, NYT coverage of 2026 rulings.

• Historical texts: Federalist Papers (Madison on republics).

• Election data: MIT Election Lab, state secretary websites.

• Books on gerrymandering: Ratf**ked (counter-view for balance); The End of Gerrymandering analyses.

• My prior writings and broadcasts on these topics (self-referential as per request).

Rich Hoffman

More about me

Click Here to Protect Yourself with Second Call Defense https://www.secondcalldefense.org/?affiliate=20707

About the Author: Rich Hoffman

He has advised candidates, executives, and public leaders, while conducting deep, hands‑on exploration of archaeological and supernatural hotspots across the world.

The Cincinnati Bridge Cost too Much and its Too Slow: There is too much administration these days that slows everything down, and puts unreasonable cost into everything

The groundbreaking ceremony for the new companion bridge alongside the aging Brent Spence Bridge, connecting Cincinnati, Ohio, to Covington, Kentucky, took place on May 8, 2026, leaving me shaking my head in a mix of cautious optimism and deep-seated irritation. For decades, this project has been the poster child for everything wrong with how America builds critical infrastructure these days. The price tag now sits at around $4.4 billion for the first major phase—including the new cable-stayed companion span, approach work, and some reconfiguration of the existing bridge—with the new structure slated to open to traffic in 2031. That is more than a decade since the groundbreaking and nearly thirty years since serious planning began in earnest back in the early 2000s. I remember pushing for better river crossings when I was politically active downtown in the 1990s, attending City Hall meetings day after day under multiple mayors and city council members. Back then, the Brent Spence was already showing its age, functionally obsolete, and choking on traffic that far exceeded its original design capacity from when it opened in 1963 at a mere $10 million cost. Kentucky’s commercial development folks in Newport and across the river were eager partners, seeing the economic spillover that a modernized crossing would bring to real estate and business growth on both sides. Yet here we are, decades later, finally breaking ground amid fanfare from governors Mike DeWine and Andy Beshear, former Senator Rob Portman, and Senate Republican Leader Mitch McConnell, who all showed up to take credit for finally moving shovels after securing over $1.6 billion in federal grants from the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law. It is pathetic, really. There was zero excuse for this kind of delay, and the cost escalation driven by inflation, regulatory hurdles, and bureaucratic inertia is nothing short of irresponsible.

I have spent a lot of time in that Cincinnati-Kentucky corridor over the years, and I can tell you from firsthand experience that the need for this bridge upgrade has been glaringly obvious since at least the 1990s. Traffic volumes on the Brent Spence now routinely exceed 150,000 vehicles per day, double what it was engineered to handle, creating bottlenecks that ripple through the economies of southern Ohio and northern Kentucky. When I was down in the region talking to Kentucky development people before Newport became the revitalized hotspot it is today, the conversation always circled back to the idea that a reliable, high-capacity crossing was essential for commercial flow, tourism, and residential expansion. Real estate deals hinged on it. Business relocation decisions depended on it. Yet politicians on both sides of the river dithered, studied, and deferred while the bridge aged into a liability. The groundbreaking feels like a hollow victory because it should have happened twenty years ago. Mitch McConnell himself noted the decades of headaches, and he played a role in finally unlocking federal dollars alongside Portman. But let us be honest: high-level dealmakers in public office should have cut through the red tape far sooner. Claiming credit now for something that was critically needed in the 1990s and 2000s rings hollow. The same crowd that delayed action is now patting itself on the back while everyday drivers and businesses foot the bill through higher taxes and lost productivity.

What makes this saga even more galling is how it stacks up against other bridge projects I have seen or studied across the country. Consider the Arthur Ravenel Jr. Bridge in Charleston, South Carolina, which replaced the old Cooper River spans. Groundbreaking occurred in 2001, and the cable-stayed beauty opened in July 2005—one full year ahead of schedule and under its roughly $700 million budget. Construction took about four years, and it delivered a magnificent structure that enhanced the historic district’s connectivity without the endless delays or ballooning costs we see today. Or look at the Mackinac Bridge up in northern Michigan, spanning the Straits of Mackinac to the Upper Peninsula. Built between 1954 and 1957 in just three and a half years at a total cost of about $100 million (in 1950s dollars), it remains a marvel of efficiency and engineering grace. Tolls helped pay it off, but the project moved with purpose and minimal bureaucratic interference. Even the old Cooper River Bridge that preceded the Ravenel was completed in just seventeen months back in the 1920s for around $6 million. These examples prove that America once knew how to build big things quickly and relatively affordably when the focus was on results rather than process.

Contrast that with the Brent Spence Companion Bridge, where nearly twenty years of planning preceded even this groundbreaking, and the timeline now stretches to 2031 or beyond for full corridor improvements. The existing bridge itself was declared functionally obsolete in the 1990s, yet it took until the Biden administration’s infrastructure package—and McConnell’s bipartisan maneuvering—to secure the federal piece that finally broke the logjam. Inflation alone has driven costs up dramatically; nationwide highway construction expenses rose about 61 percent from 2020 to 2025, according to federal indices, and the Brent Spence price tag jumped from earlier estimates of around $3.6 billion to $4.4 billion for this phase. But inflation is only part of the story. The real culprits are the layers of regulation, environmental reviews, lawsuits, and bureaucratic oversight that have piled up since the 1970s. Laws like the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1970, combined with state equivalents and court rulings that expanded citizen challenges to projects, turned what had once been straightforward engineering into a decade-long permitting gauntlet. Add in the Davis-Bacon prevailing wage requirements, limited competition among contractors, over-reliance on consultants by understaffed state transportation departments, and the tendency for projects to balloon during long design and review phases, and you have a perfect storm of delay and expense.

I saw this regulatory bloat up close during my time at Cincinnati City Hall in the 1990s. Every proposed river crossing or infrastructure tweak sparked endless studies, public hearings, environmental impact statements, and legal threats from interest groups. Kentucky’s side was eager for development, but Ohio’s processes dragged everything into the mud. It was the same story with other local projects—always more studies, more delays, never faster action. Meanwhile, the Empire State Building in New York was completed in just 410 days back in 1930-1931, rising to 102 stories at a cost of about $40.9 million (roughly $600 million today). Crews added fourteen stories in ten days at peak. Storage was optimized, deliveries were just in time, and the focus was on getting it done—no endless NEPA reviews, no years of lawsuits over every rivet. The Mackinac Bridge faced turbulent waters and harsh winters, yet it was finished on schedule. Today’s projects? They take nine to nineteen years on average from planning to completion for major highways, according to federal estimates, with costs often tripling those in peer nations due to these procedural thickets.

The toll debate adds another layer of absurdity to all this. Proponents of the Brent Spence project proudly note that it will remain toll-free, unlike the Ohio River Bridges Project in Louisville, where the Abraham Lincoln and Lewis and Clark bridges opened in 2016 as part of a tolled system that continues to collect fees until at least 2053. I find that Louisville’s setup reprehensible—preposterous, really. Drivers already pay high gas taxes that were supposed to fund infrastructure, yet now they face double-dipping through tolls on bridges that should have been built with existing revenue streams. My own recent experiences with toll roads only reinforce this frustration. On a trip to Washington, DC, I racked up about $18 in tolls using Route 66 from Fairfax County, which conveniently dumps you onto Constitution Avenue near the mall and the White House. It was worth it to avoid the nightmare traffic I endured the previous year on the George Washington Parkway along the river. But the system itself is maddening: no booths to pay at the spot, just an AI license plate reader and an online account you have to set up with a transponder, or risk violations. My time is worth far more than $18 an hour spent fiddling with websites and dashboards. Gas taxes are already high—federal at 18.4 cents per gallon since 1993, with many states adding more—and they were never properly indexed for inflation or for efficiency gains from better-mileage vehicles. The result is chronic underfunding that politicians try to patch with tolls or higher property taxes instead of cutting waste elsewhere.

This addiction to high taxation and spending is the root problem. Government at all levels has become hooked on revenue streams that never quite cover the bloated projects they pursue. Gas tax relief proposals surface occasionally—some good folks in the Ohio Statehouse, like Thomas Hall, have pushed for it—but they rarely go far because the money gets siphoned into unrelated pet projects or administrative bloat. Property taxes in many areas, including around Cincinnati, feel punishingly high, funding schools and services, while infrastructure like bridges languishes. The same crowd that cheers the Brent Spence groundbreaking after years of delay now talks about how the Biden infrastructure plan made it possible, yet they could not get it done faster under previous administrations, either. It is too little, too late, and far too expensive. I drove the region constantly for business and personal reasons, and the traffic snarls around the Brent Spence affect everything from daily commutes to freight hauling worth over $1 billion annually across the river. People flying into Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport from southern Ohio know the pain: that 40-minute buffer you think you have can evaporate in congestion, forcing early departures and lost productivity. I had a client just last week racing for a flight after meeting me, banking on the 275 loop and western routes to beat the clock. The new bridge cannot come soon enough, but 2031 feels like an eternity, especially after we once built an icon like the Empire State in under 14 months.

The human and economic costs of these delays are real. Businesses lose money idling in traffic. Families waste hours that could be spent productively. Emergency responders face longer response times. And the politicians who finally show up for the photo op act as if they have achieved something heroic rather than merely catching up to what should have been routine maintenance of critical national infrastructure. The Brent Spence Corridor is not some luxury—it is essential for the tri-state region’s economy, linking Ohio, Kentucky, and Indiana in ways that affect supply chains nationwide. Yet the project’s slow pace mirrors a broader national malaise where soft costs—permitting, legal fights, consultant fees—now dominate budgets. State departments of transportation have shrunk in capacity over decades, outsourcing expertise and driving up prices through limited bidder pools. Procurement rules meant to ensure fairness often reduce competition, and the litigious environment lets anyone with a complaint tie things up in court for years. Inflation compounds the problem, but the underlying issue is that we no longer prioritize speed and efficiency. We prioritize process, equity checkboxes, and avoiding any possible offense to environmental or community interests, even when the overall public good screams for action.

I have traveled enough to see magnificent bridges done right. The Ravenel Bridge stands as a graceful gateway to Charleston’s historic district, completed efficiently and beautifully. The Mackinac Bridge, with its soaring suspension design, opened the Upper Peninsula without bankrupting the state or dragging on forever. Even older projects like the original Cooper River spans showed what focused effort could achieve. America built the interstate system in the 1950s and 1960s with purpose, using dedicated gas tax revenue, before diversions and inflation eroded it. Today’s approach—layer upon layer of federal mandates, state reviews, and endless stakeholder input—has turned infrastructure into a jobs program for lawyers, consultants, and bureaucrats rather than a means of connecting people and moving goods. The result is projects that cost three times as much as they do in other developed nations and take far longer. For the Brent Spence, that means drivers will endure construction disruptions and detours for years, while costs climb further for the remaining corridor work, which remains unfunded in full.

None of this is inevitable. Other countries manage complex builds faster and more cheaply by streamlining reviews, limiting frivolous lawsuits, and maintaining in-house expertise within their transportation agencies. Here, we could index gas taxes to inflation and usage, phase out inefficient tolling on essential crossings, and reform NEPA to focus on genuine environmental protection rather than indefinite delay. Cut the regulatory thicket that ballooned after the 1970s, restore competitive bidding without excessive reliance on consultants, and demand accountability from politicians who treat infrastructure as a campaign prop rather than a governing priority. I have seen the contrast in my own travels: toll roads in Virginia that work but sting because they supplement already-high gas taxes, versus free bridges that should be the norm. The Louisville tolls remain a cautionary tale of how users end up paying twice—once at the pump, again at the gantry—while politicians congratulate themselves for “innovative financing.” The Brent Spence team wisely avoided tolls this time, but the underlying addiction to funding persists. Property taxes remain too high in many jurisdictions, siphoning money that could have accelerated this very project years ago.

As someone who has watched this region evolve from the inside—navigating City Hall debates, Kentucky commerce meetings, and endless traffic on I-71/I-75—I am glad the shovels are finally in the ground. The new companion bridge will be a cable-stayed marvel, easing congestion, supporting economic growth, and providing a safer, more reliable link for generations. But the pride politicians express at the ceremony rings false when you consider how long it took and how much more it costs than it should. This was not a triumph of vision; it was the bare minimum delivered far too late after years of inaction. The Empire State Building taught us that America could once build audaciously and rapidly. The Mackinaw and Ravenel bridges exemplified modern efficiency, even with environmental considerations. We can reclaim that spirit if we stop treating every project as an opportunity for endless process and start demanding results. Relief on gas taxes, smarter use of existing revenues, and slashing bureaucratic delays are not radical ideas—they are common sense. Until then, projects like the Brent Spence will continue to exemplify government at its most sluggish: too expensive, too late, and always promising better days that arrive only after the public has paid the price in time, treasure, and frustration.

The broader lesson here extends beyond one bridge. Across the nation, infrastructure decay and project bloat threaten competitiveness. The Highway Trust Fund, once robustly supported by gas taxes established during the Depression and expanded for the interstate era, now struggles because the levy has not kept pace with needs or economic reality. The federal gas tax, at 18.4 cents per gallon since 1993 and unadjusted for inflation or fuel-efficiency gains, leaves states scrambling with sales taxes, bonds, or tolls. Proposals for vehicle-miles-traveled fees or higher taxes surface regularly, but without spending discipline, they merely feed the beast. I support targeted relief—temporary gas tax pauses or rollbacks where feasible—because families and businesses already bear enough. The addiction to spending shows in unrelated boondoggles, administrative overhead, and failure to prioritize true needs like the Brent Spence. Politicians from both parties share blame: decades of gridlock until a big federal bill provided the excuse to act. Even then, costs rose, and timelines stretched.

In my travels to Washington, DC, the toll experience crystallized the inefficiency. Route 66’s convenience came at a price, but the lack of easy payment options and the AI enforcement felt more like revenue capture than a fair user fee. Compare that to the free-flowing vision we should have for essential crossings. The Charleston and Michigan bridges stand as testaments to what is possible when focus replaces process. The Louisville toll bridges warn what happens when it does not. For Cincinnati and Kentucky, the new bridge will finally deliver relief, but only after unnecessary years of waiting and billions in inflated costs. I have seen the politics firsthand, the development potential squandered, and the traffic endured. It did not have to be this way. With smarter governance—less regulation, more accountability, and honest use of revenue—we could build the infrastructure our economy demands without the endless delays and overruns. The groundbreaking is a step forward, but it should have been taken long ago, cheaper, and faster. That is the real story behind why these bridges cost so much and take so long: not engineering limits, but human and governmental ones. And until we address those, the next critical project will follow the same predictable, expensive path.

(Word count: approximately 4,012)

Footnotes

1. WCPO Cincinnati reporting on Brent Spence Companion Bridge cost and timeline, March 2026 updates.

2. Official project timeline from BrentSpenceBridgeCorridor.com, including 2022 federal grant award.

3. Kentucky Transportation Cabinet announcement, March 16, 2026.

4. ENR and Business Courier coverage of cost escalation to $4.4 billion, April 2026.

5. WLWT and AASHTO Journal on May 8, 2026, groundbreaking attendees and statements.

6. Wikipedia and historical records on the Brent Spence original 1963 construction.

7. Ohio River Bridges Project history via Wikipedia and RiverLink.org.

8. Arthur Ravenel Jr. Bridge details from Wikipedia and South Carolina historical sources.

9. Mackinac Bridge Authority historical records and construction timeline.

10. Cato Institute analysis of 1970s regulatory changes impacting infrastructure costs.

11. Pew Charitable Trusts report on factors inflating road and bridge maintenance costs, April 2026.

12. Brookings Institution on highway construction cost drivers, August 2024.

13. Empire State Building construction history from The B1M and historical accounts.

14. PBS NewsHour on gas tax history and infrastructure funding challenges.

15. Additional sources drawn from FHWA data, GAO reports, and state DOT analyses referenced in search results.

Bibliography for Further Reading and Research

• Brent Spence Bridge Corridor Project Official Site. https://brentspencebridgecorridor.com/timeline/

• WCPO Cincinnati. “What we know about the Brent Spence Companion Bridge cost and timeline.” March 2026.

• Kentucky Transportation Cabinet. “Gov. Beshear: Brent Spence Bridge Companion Bridge Set To Begin.” March 16, 2026.

• ENR. “Path Cleared for $4.5B Brent Spence Bridge Project as Costs Mount.” April 10, 2026.

• Wikipedia. “Brent Spence Bridge” and “Arthur Ravenel Jr. Bridge” entries (accessed 2026).

• Mackinac Bridge Authority. “History of the Bridge.” https://www.mackinacbridge.org/history/

• Cato Institute. “Why Does American Infrastructure Cost More and Take Longer?” March 25, 2021.

• Pew Charitable Trusts. “5 Factors Inflate Costs of Maintaining Roads and Bridges.” April 8, 2026.

• Brookings Institution. “Why does building and maintaining highways in the US cost so much?” August 5, 2024.

• The B1M. “Why can’t we build as fast as the Empire State Building?” February 14, 2023.

• PBS NewsHour. “The gas tax’s tortured history shows how hard it is to fund new infrastructure.” June 22, 2021.

• Ohio River Bridges / RiverLink. Project history and tolling details. https://riverlink.com/about/history/

• Federal Highway Administration. National Highway Construction Cost Index data.

• U.S. Government Accountability Office. Reports on environmental review timelines for transportation projects.

• Additional economic analyses from Statecraft.pub and Practical Engineering on infrastructure cost overruns.

• Historical texts on 1930s skyscraper construction and 1950s interstate-era projects for comparative context.

Rich Hoffman

More about me

Click Here to Protect Yourself with Second Call Defense https://www.secondcalldefense.org/?affiliate=20707

About the Author: Rich Hoffman

He has advised candidates, executives, and public leaders, while conducting deep, hands‑on exploration of archaeological and supernatural hotspots across the world.

The Litigation Profiteers: How Election Lawyers and Government Legal Firms Thrive on Political Chaos and Taxpayer Funds

As I drove past the law practice in Beckett Ridge the other day, I noticed the big sign out front supporting Cindy Carpenter in the Republican primary for Butler County Commissioner. It struck me as odd. The lawyer who runs that firm shows up at Republican events, associates with Republican circles, and presents himself as one of us. Yet here he was, publicly backing a candidate the party had dumped in favor of its endorsed choice, Michael Ryan. That sign crystallized something I’ve observed for years in Ohio politics: certain legal professionals operate in the shadows, injecting themselves into local disputes not out of ideological consistency but because chaos creates billable hours. This isn’t isolated to one small firm or one county. It scales up dramatically when you reach the national level, where figures like Marc Elias have built entire practices—and substantial wealth—by turning election law into a high-volume litigation machine that drains public resources while advancing partisan goals. What follows is my endeavor to shed light on this system, drawing on personal experiences in Ohio and broader patterns affecting taxpayers nationwide.

Marc Elias, the prominent Democratic election law attorney (often referred to in shorthand as “Mark” in casual conversation), stands as the archetype of this phenomenon. Elias, a partner at Elias Law Group, and is a direct supporter of Amy Acton in Ohio, which he founded after leaving Perkins Coie in 2021, has positioned himself as the go-to litigator for voting rights challenges. He founded Democracy Docket in 2020 as a platform to track and analyze these cases, and his firm has been extraordinarily active. In October 2025, Elias publicly stated that his team of fewer than 60 lawyers was litigating 63 voting and election cases across 30 states. By May 2026, that number had climbed to 85 cases in 43 states plus the District of Columbia. His side claims victories in the overwhelming majority of post-2020 challenges to Republican-backed election measures, framing them as defenses against “voter suppression.” Critics, however, see a deliberate strategy of lawfare: filing lawsuits in multiple jurisdictions to force states, counties, and local governments to expend vast sums to defend laws that enjoy broad public support, such as voter ID requirements. Elias himself has acknowledged the volume, noting in one Democracy Docket piece that his firm’s work is relentless and expanding.

This isn’t new for Elias. In 2020, he led the Democratic legal response to more than 60 lawsuits filed by Donald Trump and his allies challenging election results. Nearly all of those suits failed, often on procedural grounds or for lack of evidence. Elias’s team prevailed in the lion’s share, cementing his reputation. But the pattern predates 2020. He has challenged voter ID laws, early voting restrictions, ballot-collection rules, and redistricting efforts in dozens of states. In Ohio specifically, Elias Law Group filed suit in January 2023 against House Bill 458, signed by Republican Governor Mike DeWine. The law included photo voter ID requirements and other provisions that the plaintiffs—groups like the Northeast Ohio Coalition for the Homeless, Ohio Federation of Teachers, Ohio Alliance for Retired Americans, and Union Veterans Council—called “voter suppression.” The suit argued the measures disproportionately harmed young, elderly, Black, military, and overseas voters. Elias’s firm has also targeted Ohio’s rules on drop boxes and foreign funding in ballot measures. These actions align with a national playbook: challenge decentralized election administration in as many venues as possible, knowing that even if many suits are dismissed, the cumulative cost to defenders mounts.

What makes this infrastructure so effective—and so corrosive—is the decentralized nature of American elections. Unlike a centralized national system, voting rules are set and administered at the state and county levels. A single law, such as Ohio’s voter ID requirement or restrictions on “Golden Week” early voting and registration (which Elias’s earlier work also targeted), can trigger parallel lawsuits in federal and state courts. Each filing forces election officials, secretaries of state, and attorneys general to respond. Defense isn’t cheap. Routine election litigation for a state or county can run between $50,000 and $250,000 per case, according to estimates from officials who have faced these challenges. When emergency injunctions, appeals, and discovery are involved, costs balloon into the hundreds of thousands or even millions per major dispute. Multiply that across dozens or hundreds of suits nationwide, and the taxpayer burden becomes enormous. Many of these expenses are buried in general budgets, election administration line items, or outside counsel contracts rather than isolated as “litigation defense.” There is no national requirement to itemize plaintiff-specific legal fees, making the full picture opaque. Reporters rarely dig into the granular accounting, so the public seldom sees the true price tag.

I have seen this dynamic play out up close in Ohio. During my involvement with local issues, particularly around Lakota Local Schools in Butler County, I witnessed how legal strategies can be weaponized to remove elected officials who don’t align with certain interests. A school board member endorsed by the Republican Party faced removal efforts involving coordinated complaints, legal maneuvering, and outside pressure. The board ultimately acted against her amid disputes over absences and other procedural issues. Public records battles followed, including a case that reached the Ohio Supreme Court, where Lakota was ordered to pay thousands in fees for failing to promptly release documents related to legal spending and threats of litigation. The district also settled other suits involving residents barred from speaking at meetings, covering plaintiff legal fees. These aren’t abstract costs. They come out of the same budgets funded by local property taxes—the very taxes that already strain families and businesses. School boards negotiate collective bargaining agreements with unions, and the legalisms involved in those contracts, disputes, and related litigation generate substantial revenue for outside firms. Chaos in the public school system, whether over board composition, curriculum, or operations, keeps the meter running.

The same lawyer I saw with the Carpenter sign had previously inserted himself into the school board removal effort. He helped craft or advise on the legal strategy that contributed to ousting a Republican-backed member. It surprised me at first—someone who attends Republican events playing along with what appeared to be an effort to shift the board toward more liberal control. But it makes sense once you follow the money. Law firms that specialize in government work—whether at the school board, county, or state level—thrive when there is perpetual conflict. They represent municipalities in defense matters, advise on contracts, and sometimes moonlight on partisan challenges. The incentive is clear: more lawsuits mean more retainers, more billable hours, more settlements. In Lakota’s case, the legal spend tied to board disputes and public records requests added up quickly, all ultimately borne by taxpayers.

This pattern repeats at the state and national scale. Elias’s firm has received tens of millions in payments from Democratic committees and campaigns. OpenSecrets data for the 2024 cycle alone shows Elias Law Group receiving over $40 million in legal services from various Democratic entities. These funds don’t come from thin air; they originate with donors who expect results in the form of favorable court rulings, delayed or blocked reforms, and sustained pressure on Republican-led election administrations. When states settle early to avoid mounting defense costs—as some attorneys general have done rather than fight every challenge to the bitter end—the litigation achieves its strategic goal without a full trial. The threat of bankruptcy through legal fees is real for smaller jurisdictions. Communities facing multiple simultaneous suits often lack the resources to defend aggressively, leading to procedural changes or policy retreats that might not have occurred on the merits.

Critics of voter ID and other common-sense reforms frequently point to the absence of widespread fraud findings in court as proof that the measures are unnecessary. But that misses the point. Many challenges never reach a full evidentiary hearing on fraud because the sheer expense of litigation forces capitulation or dismissal on narrower grounds. Elias and similar litigators understand this leverage perfectly. They file suits knowing that even meritless claims impose real costs. One notable example involved sanctions against Elias and co-counsel. In a Texas case concerning the elimination of straight-ticket voting, the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals sanctioned the team for filing redundant and misleading motions. The court ordered payment of opposing attorney fees and double costs, describing the conduct as problematic. While Elias’s defenders called it a technicality or good-faith error, the episode illustrates how aggressive tactics can cross lines—and still generate fees along the way. A federal court in another context also addressed Elias-related conduct with fee-shifting orders.

The broader legal profession has learned to mine government budgets in similar ways. Public sector collective bargaining, school board disputes, redistricting battles, and election administration all require specialized counsel. Firms embed themselves in these ecosystems, often representing both sides of the table at different times. The result is a self-perpetuating cycle: policies that invite litigation create demand for lawyers; lawyers file suits that generate more litigation; governments pay to defend or settle, raising taxes or cutting services elsewhere. Property taxes, in particular, become a reliable revenue stream for these activities because they are local and somewhat insulated from immediate voter backlash. In Ohio, where property taxes fund much of local government and schools, the inability to rationalize budgets amid endless legal challenges keeps rates elevated. Media rarely connect the dots between litigation infrastructure and tax burdens, but the connection is direct.

I’ve dealt with my share of lawyers and consultants lately, both personally and in observing public affairs. They are expensive—often prohibitively so. They jump between contracts, charge premium rates, and extract significant value from the top of any deal or dispute. When legal issues arise, they can drain bank accounts with astonishing speed. In government contexts, this dynamic is amplified because the payer is diffuse: the taxpayer. Most citizens don’t have the expertise or resources to challenge the system themselves. Self-representation is possible but risky and time-consuming; hiring specialists is the default for institutions. Judges, many of whom come from the same legal circles or socialize with attorneys at events, often defer to the professionals. The result is a clubby environment where loyalty to the bar most of the time trumps accountability to the public.

Nationally, the scale is staggering. Democracy Docket’s own tracking shows hundreds of voting and election lawsuits filed in recent cycles—228 in 2024 alone, part of a total of 306 from early 2023 through Election Day. While Elias frames these as necessary defenses of democracy, the cumulative burden of defense falls on public coffers. States like Texas have spent millions defending voter ID and redistricting laws over the years. North Carolina expended roughly $5 million on voter ID litigation between 2011 and 2016. Local Voting Rights Act Section 2 suits have cost jurisdictions millions apiece in defense and settlements—Charleston County, South Carolina, spent $2 million unsuccessfully; Yakima, Washington, nearly $3 million. These figures represent conservative estimates; appeals and repeated filings multiply the impact. When aggregated across the country, the high single digits of millions—or likely far more—disappear into budgets without clear public accounting.

Elias’s involvement in Ohio is not abstract. Beyond the 2023 HB 458 challenge, his network has engaged with issues such as foreign money in ballot campaigns and drop box rules. He has also sued to overturn certain restrictions on foreign nationals’ spending in Ohio ballot measures. These actions, while presented as principled stands for access, have the practical effect of complicating administration and forcing expenditure. Meanwhile, at the local level, analogous tactics play out in school boards and county commissions. The removal of a Republican-endorsed school board member in Lakota, the public records fights, and the legal maneuvering around board composition all illustrate how law can be used to reshape governance without direct voter input at the ballot box. The lawyer with the Carpenter sign understood the game: support the candidate who sustains the ecosystem of disputes.

This is not to say every lawsuit is frivolous or that voting rights concerns are imaginary. Legitimate disputes exist, and courts rightly resolve them. But the volume, the targeting of popular reforms like voter ID (supported by large majorities in polls), and the financial incentives create a corrosive feedback loop. Democrats benefit from the chaos because it undermines Republican-led integrity measures. Law firms benefit regardless of the outcome because fees accrue during the process. Taxpayers lose either way—directly through documented legal bills and indirectly through higher taxes, diverted election funds, and eroded trust. When cases settle or procedural changes are mandated to avoid further expense, the public rarely sees the full ledger.

The decentralized structure of elections is a feature of federalism, but it becomes a vulnerability when exploited systematically. Each county must defend its own processes. State attorneys general face a barrage. The strategy is clear: file enough suits to overwhelm capacity, force settlements, and normalize the idea that basic safeguards are legally suspect. Elias has coordinated responses to dozens of cases, and affiliated litigation has filed over 100 suits in a single year. His personal involvement in 64 election cases during the 2020-2021 period is well-documented. The goal, from the critic’s perspective, is not merely to win discrete cases but to make enforcement of election laws so costly that officials stop trying.

Personal experiences reinforce the systemic view. Dealing with consultants and attorneys in various contexts has shown me how quickly costs escalate. They take a large cut off the top, move from job to job, and thrive on complexity. In government, this is magnified. School board members who push back against the status quo often find themselves targeted legally. Elected officials hesitate to fight because they fear draining community resources. The result is a shadow governance where law firms exert outsized influence.

To break the cycle, we need structural changes. Stronger voter ID laws with clear, unambiguous standards reduce litigation fodder. Meaningful sanctions for abusive filings, greater transparency in government legal spending, and centralized tracking of litigation costs would help. Term limits or ethics rules for government attorneys might limit revolving-door incentives. Most importantly, voters must recognize that these “phantom costs” are real and fund them through taxes. Integrity in elections isn’t free, but neither is the endless litigation that undermines it.

As someone who has watched this play out from the ground level in Ohio—seeing yard signs that reveal divided loyalties, school board battles that consume resources, and national players like Elias shaping the battlefield—I believe the public deserves better. The litigation infrastructure built on chaos benefits a small class of professionals at the expense of representative government. Taxpayers foot the bill, often without realizing the full scope. Shining a light on these practices, demanding accountability, and supporting reforms that prioritize clarity over ambiguity are essential. Otherwise, the parasites will continue to thrive while the body politic weakens. We have the tools to fix it; what remains is the will to use them.

Footnotes

1. Personal observation of law practice signage and political involvement in Butler County, Ohio, 2026 primary context.

2. Democracy Docket reports and Elias public statements on case volume.

3. Ohio Capital Journal coverage of HB 458 lawsuit filed by Elias Law Group.

4. Estimates drawn from public official reports and historical litigation defense data (e.g., Texas, North Carolina voter ID cases).

5. Ohio Supreme Court ruling in Lakota Local Schools public records case, 2024.

6. OpenSecrets vendor payment data for Elias Law Group, 2024 cycle.

7. Fifth Circuit sanctions order in Texas straight-ticket voting litigation.

8. Washington Post compilation of election-related public expenditures.

9. Additional sources: Wikipedia entry on Marc Elias; Brennan Center and Campaign Legal Center litigation trackers; local Butler County reporting on Carpenter/Ryan primary and Lakota board disputes.

Bibliography

• Elias, Marc. Various articles, Democracy Docket (2020–2026).

• “Marc Elias,” Wikipedia.

• Ohio Capital Journal articles on Elias Law Group Ohio lawsuits (2023).

• OpenSecrets.org vendor profile: Elias Law Group.

• Washington Post, “Trump’s false election claims cost taxpayers over $500 million” (2021, updated analyses).

• Court documents: Fifth Circuit sanctions ruling; Ohio Supreme Court Lakota records case (2024).

• Additional reporting: Cincinnati Enquirer, WLWT, Ballotpedia on Butler County and Lakota Local Schools.

Rich Hoffman

More about me

Click Here to Protect Yourself with Second Call Defense https://www.secondcalldefense.org/?affiliate=20707

About the Author: Rich Hoffman

He has advised candidates, executives, and public leaders, while conducting deep, hands‑on exploration of archaeological and supernatural hotspots across the world.

7 Seconds of Terror: What the bad guys want to do and how to stop them

Watching those grainy surveillance clips from the Washington Hilton on April 25, 2026, is a reminder of how insanity is a persistent threat to the propensity for personal freedom. Even Mark Hamill, the guy who played Luke Skywalker in the Star Wars movies, was in on this push by the radical Marxist left to kill off those in their way for the destruction of Western civilization itself. The annual White House Correspondents’ Dinner— that odd, decades-old ritual where journalists, celebrities, politicians, and power brokers cram into the International Ballroom under the pretense of civility—had been humming along as usual. Over 2,600 guests, including President Trump, the First Lady, the Vice President, Cabinet members, and a chunk of the presidential line of succession, all dressed to the nines, trading polite laughs while the country outside kept grinding through its divisions. Then, at roughly 8:36 p.m. Eastern, the illusion shattered in under ten seconds. Gunfire cracked near the security screening area one level above the ballroom. Chaos rippled through the dining hall. Secret Service agents moved like they were trained to: shielding the President, evacuating the principals, and locking down the succession. The rest of us watching from afar didn’t know it yet, but an armed man named Cole Tomas Allen, a 31-year-old teacher and mechanical engineer from Torrance, California, had just sprinted through a metal detector checkpoint, shotgun and .38-caliber handgun in hand, knives strapped on, treating the whole thing like a level in Call of Duty he’d rehearsed in his head for who knows how long.

I watched the footage from multiple angles—the one that captured him charging from a 90-degree side view made it look lightning-fast, almost cinematic, but the head-on camera told a different story. He looked reckless, almost naïve, the way he barreled straight at that first barrier like the game’s respawn button was waiting. He fired; a Secret Service officer took a shotgun pellet to the chest, but the ballistic vest and the officer’s cell phone absorbed the worst of it. The agent drew, returned fire, and within about seven seconds from the moment Allen hit the checkpoint until he was wrestled down, it was over. No one in the ballroom was hurt. The President and the inner circle were evacuated safely. By any narrow metric, catastrophe was averted. But narrow metrics don’t tell the whole tale, and that’s why I’ve been turning this over in my mind ever since. Why didn’t anyone flag this guy earlier? How did he check into the very hotel hosting the event, spend days scouting access points, and still get that close? And what does it say about the limits of layering more security when the real breakdown is happening in the culture long before anyone reaches for a trigger?

I have experience in personal protection, and I know how these things go. You stand post for hours—sometimes thousands of them—where nothing happens, people are laughing inside the ballroom, you’re thinking about Netflix or grabbing Chinese on the way home to your wife, and then suddenly a figure is sprinting your way with a long gun. Context collapses. Decision time compresses to fractions of a second. That officer who got hit? He reacted fast, drew clean, and did his job. The team neutralized the threat without letting it reach the principals. That’s a positive outcome, even if it wasn’t flawless. But the broader questions linger, and they’re the ones the public is rightly screaming about. How do we prevent the next one without turning every public gathering into a TSA-style gauntlet that makes normal life miserable? Because layering metal detectors, more agents, more dogs, more AI profiling only gets you so far when the problem isn’t just tactical—it’s behavioral, cultural, rooted in how we raise kids, what we feed their minds through screens, and the toxic political rhetoric that lights the fuse.

Take Allen himself. Thirty-one years old, no prior criminal record that’s come out yet, educated—mechanical engineering background, game developer, part-time teacher. He wasn’t some drifter; he was the kind of guy who could blend in, book a room at the Hilton weeks ahead, ride the train cross-country from California, and case the place like it was reconnaissance for a mission. He left a manifesto—over a thousand words—sent to family members just minutes before he charged, calling himself the “Friendly Federal Assassin” and laying out “rules of engagement” for targeting Trump administration officials, prioritized by rank. He wasn’t after random guests or hotel staff, but he was willing to go through them to get there. He referenced his duty, his outrage at policies, the whole grievance cocktail that’s become too familiar in these lone-actor cases. And yes, he had the video-game vibe written all over it: dressed for the occasion, shotgun ready, sprinting the perimeter like he expected the respawn or the cutscene reward. I laughed a little when I first saw the clips—not because it was funny, but because I’ve seen this pattern before with these younger guys who’ve spent years in simulated combat, where death is temporary, and glory is instant. Reality doesn’t work that way. He fell, got tackled, and now faces federal charges: attempt to assassinate the President, interstate transport of firearms with intent to commit a felony, and discharge of a firearm during a crime of violence. Potential life sentence. Good. But the real failure happened upstream, in whatever radicalized him to the point where he thought charging a Secret Service checkpoint was a viable strategy to “change behavior” in American politics.

This isn’t the first time the Hilton has seen this kind of violence. Forty-five years earlier, almost to the month, John Hinckley Jr. waited outside the same hotel after Reagan spoke at a conference and opened fire, wounding the President, his press secretary Jim Brady, a police officer, and a Secret Service agent. Reagan survived, but the parallels hit hard: same venue, same sense of a public ritual turned lethal in seconds. Historically, we’ve had about 18 assassination attempts or plots on U.S. presidents where the attacker got close enough to pose a real physical threat—four successful kills (Lincoln, Garfield, McKinley, Kennedy), several woundings (Reagan, Teddy Roosevelt as a former president, Trump himself in 2024 at that Pennsylvania rally), and a litany of foiled plots. Most attackers have been lone actors driven by personal grievances, mental health struggles, ideological fixations, or some toxic mix. Many left manifestos or rambling notes, just like Allen. In 1835, Andrew Jackson in 1835 beat off an assailant with his cane after both pistols misfired. Gerald Ford survived two attempts in 1975, within weeks of each other. The list goes on, and the pattern is depressingly consistent: security layers get breached because no perimeter is perfect when someone is willing to die for the cause, and the real variable is human behavior on both sides—the attacker’s and the society that produced him.

What’s changed in the modern era is the accelerant: online radicalization, 24/7 political outrage cycles, and entertainment that gamifies violence. I’ve said it before on the show, and I’ll say it again here—kids (and adults who never grew out of it) spend countless hours in first-person shooters where charging a fortified position with a shotgun is a power move, where the AI enemies drop, and you rack up points. Allen wasn’t the first to treat real-world targeting like a mission brief. We’ve seen it in other mass violence cases where perpetrators referenced games explicitly. It’s not the sole cause—plenty of gamers never hurt anyone—but when you combine it with manifestos railing against “the administration,” echo-chamber rhetoric from politicians who’ve flirted with “fight like hell” language or “by any means necessary” vibes and a culture that’s lost its grip on basic moral foundations, you get powder kegs like this. Allen wasn’t some mastermind; he was a product of the times, radicalized enough to cross the country, arm up, and sprint into history. His sister reportedly told investigators he’d made extreme statements before. There were signs, perhaps, but in a free society, we can’t pre-crime every disgruntled soul with an online footprint without shredding the Constitution. That’s the free-speech tension everyone’s yelling about now: should we have been monitoring his posts more aggressively? Should AI have flagged the cross-country trip combined with his hotel booking and known grievances? Maybe. But intrusive surveillance comes with its own costs, and we’ve already seen how that path leads to overreach.

The aftermath has been predictable. The dinner was postponed or scaled back in future planning talks. Congressional briefings are demanded. Reviews launched by the FBI, Secret Service, ATF—screening enhancements, internal movement controls, all the usual post-incident layers. And that’s fine as far as it goes, but I keep coming back to the deeper point: you can’t just secure your way out of a behavior problem. We’ve tried that with airports—TSA pat-downs, body scanners, the whole theater of it—and people grumbled but accepted it after 9/11 because the threat felt existential. Yet even there, determined attackers have slipped through. Here, at a black-tie event meant to celebrate the press and democracy, we don’t want guests feeling groped or stripped down to hear a few jokes. Striking that balance is tough. Secret Service leadership has rightly defended the response: the outer layer was breached, but the inner perimeter held. That’s layered defense working as designed. A former agent I respect called it a “positive outcome, not a successful one”—acknowledging the breach while praising the neutralization. Fair enough. But critics are right too: visible posture in the outer areas, minimal ID checks in a functioning hotel space, complexity of securing mixed public-private venues—all vulnerabilities.

Statistically, these events are rare, but their costs are enormous. The global economic impact of violence hit about $19.97 trillion in 2024 (11.6% of world GDP, or roughly $2,455 per person), with military spending, internal security, and homicide making up the bulk. In the U.S., post-9/11 terrorism and related conflicts have run into the trillions when you tally direct damages, lost output, heightened security, wars, and long-term health costs for responders and veterans. One study pegged immediate 9/11 losses at $20-60 billion, with broader “terror tax” effects on airlines, insurance, logistics, and GDP drag of 0.1-0.3% annually for years. A single event like this WHCD incident? Immediate costs include the officer’s hospitalization (thankfully brief), massive law enforcement mobilization, hotel lockdowns, event cancellations or rescheduling, and the inevitable bump in protective details. The Secret Service’s FY2025 budget is already $3.2 billion, with over $1.2 billion allocated to protective operations alone—covering not just the President but also former officials, candidates, and major events. Add in local police overtime, FBI investigations, congressional hearings, and the intangible hit to public confidence, and one botched sprint through a checkpoint can easily run into tens of millions. And that’s before you factor the copycat effect: bad actors worldwide study these videos, learning what worked and what didn’t. Allen’s failure—getting stopped before the ballroom—will inspire some to refine the tactic: faster, better armed, maybe drones or diversions next time. We can’t afford to pretend otherwise.

Side stories often get lost in the headlines, but they matter. Consider the security canine that reportedly reacted to Allen’s presence moments before, but whose handler didn’t intervene in time. Critics pounced: missed signals. Defenders noted the dog pulled, but real-time human judgment in a crowded corridor is messy. Or the crossfire dynamics—agents firing, missing Allen initially, rounds potentially endangering bystanders in a hotel full of civilians. Training scenarios rarely replicate the exact stress of a black-tie crowd with the President yards away. Then there’s the human element on the security side: 20-plus officers on post, but sometimes more bodies can breed diffusion of responsibility—“someone else has got this.” Complacency creeps in during the quiet hours. I’ve been in those shoes; it’s human. That’s why personal foundations—character, vigilance, moral clarity—matter more than extra badges.

Politically, this lands in the third assassination attempt on Trump in recent years (the Butler rally in 2024, the golf course plot, now this). It marks something ugly: political violence isn’t episodic anymore; it’s persistent, compressed, modern. Assassins used to be mentally ill loners with pistols; now they’re often ideologically fueled, manifesto-writing, game-trained actors who see themselves as protagonists in a larger war. Allen wasn’t fighting for “freedom”—he wanted to force behavioral change through terror, echoing 9/11 logic but on a smaller, more personal scale. We can’t surrender to that. We don’t cancel the dinner, hide the President forever, or let radicals dictate how we govern. But neither can we ignore the rhetoric that poisons minds. When leaders on any side joke about or wink at violence—“punching Nazis,” “fight like hell,” late-night host monologues that cross into incitement—it adds fuel. Allen’s irrationality didn’t come from nowhere; it was cultivated. How do we counter radicalization without becoming the thought police? That’s the free-speech tightrope. I favor more armed, responsible citizens as the ultimate backstop—law-abiding people trained to stop threats in progress—because police and Secret Service can’t be everywhere. A well-armed, well-behaved society is the best deterrent—more guns in good hands, fewer in the unstable ones. Enforce existing laws, prosecute threats, but don’t disarm the law-abiding.

Zoom out historically, and the data bears this out. The Violence Project’s presidential attacks database traces these incidents back to 1835, revealing patterns linked to periods of high polarization, economic stress, or cultural upheaval. Many perpetrators had recent life stressors, a fascination with prior attackers, or exposure to violent media. Mental health plays a role, but so does ideology. Post-2026, we’ll see calls for red-flag laws, online monitoring, and more funding for mental health—some good, some overreach. What we really need is a cultural reset: stronger families, communities that prioritize reality testing over fantasy escapism, education that values debate over demonization, and, yes, a recommitment to the Second Amendment as both a right and a responsibility. I hate heavy security personally; I carry, I train, and I want to move freely without feeling like I’m in a police state. But after events like this, the public demands action. The trick is action that targets roots—discouraging the hatred, the loss of touch with reality—rather than just adding layers that make society paranoid and miserable.

Democrats often push the “more control” angle, which I get, but it’s proven that it can’t eliminate the human variable. Republicans emphasize personal agency and armed self-defense, which aligns with my view. Neither side has a monopoly on solutions, but pretending this was just a security lapse misses the forest. Allen planned it academically, almost academically detached from consequences, willing to die to “send a message.” That mindset is the real enemy. We saw similar in the 2024 attempts on Trump: lone actors, manifestos or online trails, grievances against “the system.” Each time, the distance between public ritual and lethal intent shrinks. The Hilton ballroom, once a symbol of Washington pomp, now carries that scar.

Looking ahead, expect tighter protocols: advanced intelligence fusion (AI cross-referencing travel, bookings, and online activity with threat databases), better hotel vetting for high-profile events, and perhaps moving more gatherings to hardened venues like the White House itself or military bases where lockdown is feasible. But that changes the “dance”—the odd ritual of press and power mingling. We need it, warts and all, for transparency and normalcy. The alternative is bunker mentality, and that hands victory to the Allens of the world. Ultimately, more security isn’t just more guards; it’s more people living with their eyes open, ready to act as good Samaritans or armed defenders when the moment demands it. It starts with personal foundations: teach kids reality over fantasy, hold media and politicians accountable for inflammatory language, celebrate responsible gun ownership, and reject the victimhood narratives that breed assassins. We can’t overreact to every threat and make life unlivable, but we can’t underreact either and pretend behavior doesn’t matter.

In the weeks since, I’ve reflected a lot on my own experiences—times I’ve been heavily armed in uncertain environments, the split-second decisions that define protection work. It’s never easy. Those agents weren’t “hoping for two more hours till shift end”; they were professionals doing a thankless job. The public owes them gratitude, not just criticism. Yet we also owe it to ourselves to learn. This incident—seven seconds of terror—reveals the compressed threat environment of 2026 America. Political violence persists because underlying values have frayed. Rebuilding those—family, faith, personal responsibility, civic duty—is the only long-term fix. More layers buy time; better people prevent the need for them. We solve this at the foundation, or we keep paying the price in blood, treasure, and lost liberty. The ballroom lights are back on, but the warning lingers.

Footnotes

1. NBC News, CBS News, and DOJ reports on Cole Tomas Allen’s charges and actions, April 2026.

2. Wikipedia entry on 2026 WHCD shooting and historical parallels to Reagan 1981 at the Hilton.

3. The Violence Project Presidential Attacks Database (18 incidents tracked).

4. Institute for Economics and Peace, Economic Impact of Violence 2025 report ($19.97T global figure).

5. DHS FY2025 Secret Service budget overview ($3.2B total, $1.2B protective).

6. Joint Economic Committee historical analyses of terrorism costs post-9/11.

7. NYT, WaPo, and NY Post coverage of Allen’s manifesto and background (teacher/engineer, Cal State/LinkedIn details).

Bibliography for Further Reading

• U.S. Department of Justice Press Release: “Suspect in White House Correspondents’ Dinner Shooting Charged with Attempt to Assassinate the President,” April 27, 2026.

• The Violence Project. “Presidential Assassinations Database,” ongoing.

• Institute for Economics and Peace. “The Economic Impact of Violence,” 2025.

• Wikipedia. “List of United States Presidential Assassination Attempts and Plots.”

• U.S. Department of Homeland Security. “U.S. Secret Service Budget Overview,” FY2025.

• New York Post. “Read WHCD Suspect Cole Allen’s Full Anti-Trump Manifesto,” April 26, 2026.

• CBS News and NPR profiles on Cole Tomas Allen, April 2026.

• Joint Economic Committee. “The Economic Costs of Terrorism,” historical studies.

• Additional sources: NYT visual investigations of WHCD footage; historical accounts from HistoryExtra and Statista on presidential attacks.

Rich Hoffman

More about me

Click Here to Protect Yourself with Second Call Defense https://www.secondcalldefense.org/?affiliate=20707

About the Author: Rich Hoffman

He has advised candidates, executives, and public leaders, while conducting deep, hands‑on exploration of archaeological and supernatural hotspots across the world.

Ohio’s Unfinished Economic Reckoning: How Amy Acton’s Lockdowns Created the High-Price Reality Democrats Are Trying to Now Blame on Trump and Vivek Ramaswamy—but the guilt is completely on Lockdown Democrats

In the spring of 2026, Ohio voters are being told a familiar story by the Democratic ticket led by the stringy-haired Amy Acton. High grocery bills, elevated gas prices, stubborn supply-chain bottlenecks, and the everyday squeeze felt by working families and small manufacturers are, according to Acton’s campaign and its surrogates—Mark Elias, David Pepper, and the usual Democratic spokespeople—the direct result of Trump-era policies and the supposed continuation of that agenda under Vivek Ramaswamy. The irony is staggering. The very architect of Ohio’s most disruptive government intervention in modern history—the woman who, as Director of the Ohio Department of Health in 2020, signed the stay-at-home orders that shuttered schools, closed non-essential businesses, and upended millions of lives—is now positioning herself as the solution to the very economic pain her policies created.

This is not partisan rhetoric. It is a matter of documented cause and effect, visible every day in Ohio’s factories, restaurants, construction sites, and family budgets. The high prices we live with in 2026 are not primarily the fault of tariffs, speculation, or any single administration in Washington. They are the long shadow of a forced economic shock imposed in 2020 by a centralized government decree—one in which Amy Acton played a central role, coordinating with federal health authorities, the CDC, the World Health Organization, and, ultimately, with policies shaped by information flowing from China. The damage was not abstract. It was immediate, structural, and enduring. And while headline statistics have been massaged to suggest recovery, the real economy—especially for midsize manufacturers, small businesses, and working families—never returned to its pre-2019 equilibrium.

To understand why Acton’s record matters now, we must revisit what actually happened in Ohio in the spring of 2020. On March 22, 2020, Acton issued a stay-at-home order effective at 11:59 p.m. that night. Non-essential businesses were closed. Schools shuttered. Gatherings were limited. The order, later extended by Governor Mike DeWine, was not a suggestion; it carried the force of law. Within weeks, Ohio’s unemployment rate exploded from roughly 4.5 percent pre-pandemic to a peak of 16.4 percent in April 2020—the highest level in modern state history. More than 2.1 million unemployment claims were filed that year alone, compared to just 360,000 in all of 2019. Entire sectors—manufacturing, hospitality, transportation, professional services—were suddenly and forcibly interrupted.

This was not a natural recession triggered by market conditions. Ohio’s economy in early 2020 was not overheating. It was not over-leveraged. It was functioning normally until the government decree flipped the switch. The result was a structural break in continuity that no amount of federal stimulus could fully repair. Over 341,000 non-farm jobs disappeared in a single year—a decline of more than 6 percent. Manufacturing, the backbone of Ohio’s economy, absorbed a particularly brutal blow, losing roughly 480,000 jobs at the height of the crisis. Supply chains that had taken decades to optimize were severed overnight. Relationships between suppliers, customers, and workers were shattered. Skills atrophied. Experience was lost.

Federal relief money flowed in—Ohio ultimately received billions through the CARES Act and subsequent packages, with more than $10 billion in direct grant funding allocated early on and additional ARPA dollars later. That money stabilized household consumption and prevented total collapse on paper. It propped up demand. But it did not rebuild labor pools, restore broken supplier networks, or reverse the loss of institutional knowledge. GDP figures eventually rebounded. On the surface, Ohio appeared to recover. Yet for thousands of private, midsize, and industrial firms—the companies that form the real productive core of the state—the recovery never materialized in the way that matters most. Revenue stabilized in some cases, but labor did not return evenly. Supply chains remained fragile six years later. Many businesses entered a new, permanently altered economic reality from which they have yet to exit.

Look at the numbers that actually matter on the ground. Manufacturing employment has clawed back toward pre-pandemic levels in headline counts—hovering near 680,000 statewide by late 2025 and into 2026—but the composition is different. Output rose in aggregate, yet headcount remained flat or declined in many subsectors. Productivity gains came not from rebuilding capacity but from automation, consolidation, and doing more with fewer people. Smaller suppliers absorbed shocks they could not pass along. Material inflation, labor shortages, and customer concentration became permanent features. A 2025 survey of Ohio manufacturers found that around 40 percent still cited material costs as a major concern, with tariffs and other factors playing secondary roles. Speculators and opportunistic pricing certainly contributed to some price spikes—gasoline being the most visible example—but the underlying fragility traces directly back to the 2020 rupture.

Even more telling is the labor force participation rate. Ohio’s rate dropped sharply in 2020 and has never fully recovered. As of March 2026, it stands at approximately 62.1 percent—still roughly 1.3 percentage points below 2019 levels. That gap represents tens of thousands of missing workers. Many retired early. Others shifted to disability. Skilled trades lost experienced hands who never re-entered. The pandemic accelerated trends already underway—remote work, changing employer expectations—but the government-mandated shutdown turned those trends into a structural labor shortage. Employers now pay significantly higher wages without corresponding productivity gains. Chronic hiring difficulties persist. Small and midsize businesses, lacking the scale of large corporations, took the brunt of this hit.

The human and business-level consequences are visible in every corner of the state. Fast-food restaurants that once operated with long lines and reliable staffing still struggle with chronic understaffing. Supply chains that used to move with just-in-time efficiency now carry permanent buffers, higher costs, and longer lead times. Contracts signed in 2018 or 2019 based on pre-pandemic pricing realities cannot be easily renegotiated in 2024 or 2025 when everything from labor to materials has inflated. Large buyers—Walmart, major distributors, big manufacturers—hold suppliers to those old terms while their own costs have risen. Many smaller firms plateaued at lower output, higher risk, and reduced resilience. Nearly half of the Ohio businesses operating in 2019 were no longer active by 2024. New formations occurred, as they often do after crises, but stimulus checks or reconfigured statistics cannot replace the permanent loss of experience, relationships, and localized capacity.

This was not mismanagement or an isolated failure. It was a structured shock imposed by the government, and in Ohio, by Amy Acton directly. The recovery that followed was real on paper but redistributive in practice. Large firms with access to capital, automation, equity markets, and policy cushions emerged stronger. Smaller private companies absorbed transition costs without the same protections. Stimulus prioritized consumption over reconstruction of upstream production capacity. The result is an economy that looks healthier in aggregate GDP and unemployment figures but feels fundamentally different—and more fragile—for the businesses and workers who actually produce goods and services.

Compounding the damage were subsequent policy choices, including repeated minimum-wage adjustments tied to CPI and other labor-market interventions. While intended to help workers, these hikes acted as an artificial price floor that businesses—especially those already reeling from supply-chain disruption—had to absorb by raising consumer prices. In an environment where labor shortages already drove up wages, the added pressure from mandated increases translated directly into higher menu prices, higher retail costs, and thinner margins for the very firms least able to absorb them. Democrats often frame these as acts of compassion, but the economic reality is that they function as another layer of costs passed on to consumers in an economy still recovering from the original government-imposed rupture.

Contrast this track record with the alternative represented by Vivek Ramaswamy. As an entrepreneur who built real companies and created substantial value, Ramaswamy understands from firsthand experience what it takes to navigate supply chains, labor markets, capital allocation, and regulatory hurdles. His platform—aggressive tax cuts (including phasing down the state income tax and meaningful property tax relief), energy independence through expanded natural gas and streamlined permitting, and a laser focus on reducing the regulatory burden—addresses the structural issues that Acton’s policies left behind. Where Democrats offer more stimulus, more government employment, and more wealth redistribution, Ramaswamy offers the conditions for genuine private-sector expansion: lower taxes so families and businesses keep more of what they earn, reduced uncertainty so investment can return, and policies that reward production rather than consumption propped up by printed money.

The political inversion is almost Orwellian. The same network of Democratic operatives—Mark Elias, David Pepper, and their allies—who have spent years litigating, regulating, and centralizing power now seek to pin the enduring consequences of their own policy choices on the very people who warned against them. They want voters to forget that Acton was the public face of the orders that closed Ohio’s economy. They want voters to ignore the long-term scarring visible in labor participation, small-business survival rates, and fragile supply chains. And they want to portray Vivek Ramaswamy—an outsider who built a billion-dollar value through innovation and discipline—as somehow responsible for prices that trace directly to decisions made in 2020 under Democratic-influenced health policy.

This is not ancient history. The effects are measurable today. Manufacturing survived the shock but did not return to its prior equilibrium. Labor-force participation remains depressed. Supply chains are still adapting. Smaller firms operate with lower resilience. High prices at the grocery store, the gas pump, and the restaurant counter are not mysterious. They are the predictable outcome of a forced shutdown followed by stimulus that prioritized short-term consumption over long-term productive capacity. Government did not merely interrupt Ohio’s economy in 2020—it rewired it. And for many companies, especially private midsize and industrial firms, the 2020 era has never truly ended.

Ohioans deserve better than political amnesia. They deserve leaders who understand that real economic vitality comes from production, not redistribution; from predictable policy, not repeated government shocks; and from accountability, not blame-shifting. Amy Acton’s record as Health Director is not a footnote—it is the central chapter in the story of why so many Ohio families and businesses are still paying the price six years later. Vivek Ramaswamy’s background as a value-creating entrepreneur offers the clearest alternative: a governor who will cut taxes, slash red tape, expand energy production, and restore the conditions under which Ohio businesses and workers can thrive again.

The choice in 2026 is not abstract. It is between continuing the politics that created the problem and embracing the policies that can finally heal the damage. Ohio’s real economy—its factories, its family businesses, its working men and women—has waited long enough for that reckoning. But when we have to talk about who is responsible for all the misery we are still feeling, there is only one person to blame, and that is Amy Acton, the Lockdown Lady.

Footnotes

1. Ohio Department of Job and Family Services, Employment Situation Indicators, various monthly releases 2020–2026.

2. Bureau of Labor Statistics and Ohio JFS data on unemployment claims and rates, April 2020 peak.

3. Contemporary reporting on Acton’s stay-at-home order, March 22, 2020 (Ohio Department of Health).

4. Federal COVID-19 grant funding allocations to Ohio, CARES Act, and subsequent packages (approximately $10 billion+ in early grants).

5. Ohio manufacturing employment and labor force participation trends, Ohio LMI and FRED data through March 2026.

6. NFIB and small-business survival analyses post-2020.

7. Surveys of Ohio manufacturers on material costs and supply-chain issues, 2025.

8. Vivek Ramaswamy campaign platform materials on tax relief, energy, and regulatory reform.

9. Additional sourcing from Policy Matters Ohio, the Cleveland Fed, and contemporaneous economic analyses of pandemic impacts.

Bibliography

• Ohio Department of Job and Family Services. Employment Situation Indicators (monthly releases, 2019–2026).

• U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Labor force, employment, and unemployment data for Ohio.

• Acton, Amy. Director’s Stay-at-Home Order, Ohio Department of Health, March 22, 2020.

• Federal COVID relief tracking reports (CARES Act, ARPA allocations to Ohio).

• NFIB Ohio Small Business Economic Trends reports.

• Cleveland Federal Reserve District data briefs on supply-chain disruptions.

• Ramaswamy for the Ohio campaign platform documents.

• Contemporary news coverage from AP, Signal Ohio, and Ohio LMI publications.

Rich Hoffman

More about me

Click Here to Protect Yourself with Second Call Defense https://www.secondcalldefense.org/?affiliate=20707

About the Author: Rich Hoffman

He has advised candidates, executives, and public leaders, while conducting deep, hands‑on exploration of archaeological and supernatural hotspots across the world.

The 2026 Ohio Gubernatorial Race: Vivek Ramaswamy’s Commanding Position Against Amy Acton’s COVID Legacy and the Democrat Playbook

As the dust settles on Ohio’s May 5, 2026, primary election, the stage is set for one of the most consequential gubernatorial contests in the state’s recent history. Biotech entrepreneur and Trump-endorsed Republican Vivek Ramaswamy emerged as the overwhelming GOP nominee, crushing fringe challenger Casey Putsch with approximately 82.5% of the vote (673,902 votes to Putsch’s 143,257). Ramaswamy swept every single county in Ohio, a remarkable show of unity across urban, suburban, and rural areas. On the Democratic side, former Ohio Department of Health Director Dr. Amy Acton secured the nomination unopposed, garnering around 742,000–760,000 votes in a low-energy primary. Overall voter turnout reached about 22.6% of registered voters, a modest uptick from recent midterm cycles.

This matchup pits a dynamic, pro-growth outsider in Ramaswamy—backed by President Donald Trump and positioning Ohio as the nation’s top economic powerhouse—against Acton, whose public profile remains indelibly tied to the state’s aggressive COVID-19 response. As one conservative commentator noted in a recent podcast monologue, the race is far from the neck-and-neck horse race portrayed in some polling and media narratives. While recent surveys show a tight contest (with some giving Acton a slight edge or Ramaswamy a narrow lead), the ground game, Trump’s coattails, independent-voter outreach, and Acton’s historical liabilities suggest that Ramaswamy enters the general election with a structural advantage that could widen significantly by November 3, 2026.

To fully appreciate this contest, we must delve into the candidates’ backgrounds, the primary results and their implications, the lingering economic scars from the pandemic era, comparative policy outcomes in neighboring states, and the broader political currents reshaping Ohio. This analysis expands on grassroots conservative perspectives—while incorporating verifiable data on turnout, economic metrics, investment challenges, and campaign tactics. Far from a replay of “yesteryear” Democrat strategies, this race highlights how progressive governance models have faltered in a post-Trump political landscape.

Candidate Profiles: Contrasting Visions for Ohio’s Future

Vivek Ramaswamy, a Cincinnati native and biotech billionaire, represents a fresh face in Ohio politics despite his national profile from the 2024 Republican presidential primary. Born to Indian immigrant parents, Ramaswamy built a successful pharmaceutical company (Roivant Sciences) before pivoting to public service. His Trump endorsement came early and emphatically, framing him as a “young, strong, and smart” leader committed to meritocracy, deregulation, and economic revival. Ramaswamy’s campaign emphasizes making Ohio the “#1 state” through pro-business policies, workforce upskilling, and attracting high-tech investment in sectors like semiconductors and biotechnology. He campaigns on the “high road,” avoiding personal attacks while highlighting policy contrasts. Critics from the far-right fringes—such as Putsch, dubbed the “car guy” for his automotive-themed online persona—have leveled baseless claims about Ramaswamy’s heritage or loyalty, echoing outdated nativist arguments. Ramaswamy has dismissed these as irrelevant, noting his personal integrity and fair play: his running mate, Ohio Senate President Rob McColley, bolsters legislative experience.

In stark contrast stands Dr. Amy Acton, a physician from Youngstown with a compelling personal story of overcoming hardship in a steel mill family. She rose through public health ranks to become Ohio’s Health Director in 2019 under Republican Gov. Mike DeWine. Acton’s national visibility peaked during the early COVID-19 crisis, when she joined DeWine for daily briefings and advocated strict mitigation measures. These included Ohio’s first-in-the-nation school closures, stay-at-home orders (issued March 22, 2020), business shutdowns, and even the postponement of the state’s presidential primary. Supporters praised her as a calming, data-driven voice who “flattened the curve” and protected hospitals. However, detractors—including many business owners, parents, and conservatives—blame her policies for devastating economic and educational fallout, from mental health crises among youth to prolonged business closures. Acton resigned in June 2020 amid personal threats and protests, later serving briefly as a health advisor before entering the private sector and academia. Her 2026 campaign, with running mate and former Democratic Party chair David Pepper, focuses on “power back to the people,” affordability, and a critique of “billionaires and special interests.” Yet her record remains a focal point of Republican attacks, with Ramaswamy labeling her tenure an “abandonment of responsibility.”

Acton’s campaign has leaned on traditional Democratic infrastructure, including legal support from figures like election attorney Mark Elias, who has been linked to aggressive tactics such as cease-and-desist letters targeting critics. Pepper, a vocal strategist, has served as an attack dog, pushing narratives that question Ramaswamy’s Ohio investment record or allege personal scandals (e.g., unsubstantiated claims of extramarital affairs, which can easily be dismissed as fabrications). These echo “yesteryear” playbook moves but risk backfiring in an era of heightened voter skepticism toward centralized government overreach.

Primary Season: A Landslide for Ramaswamy, Unopposed for Acton

The May 5 primaries crystallized Republican enthusiasm. Ramaswamy’s 82.5% victory margin—far exceeding pre-primary polls showing him at 50-76%—demonstrated broad consolidation. He won 60-90%+ in nearly every county, from Democratic-leaning urban centers to deep-red rural areas, per county-by-county maps. Putsch, representing a self-described “radical right” element with fringe ideas (e.g., racial primacy in voting or extreme nativism), captured only 17.5% and never posed a serious threat. GOP insiders viewed him as illegitimate, akin to past primary spoilers. This sweep signals unified party backing, contrasting with historical GOP infighting (e.g., the 2016 Trump vs. Cruz/Rubio dynamics, in which critics eventually coalesced post-nomination).

Acton’s uncontested path yielded solid but unremarkable Democratic turnout. Overall, the low primary participation (22.6%) underscores that the real battle begins now, targeting the 2-3% of independents and soft partisans who decide the general election. Ramaswamy’s primary dominance positions him to inherit the full Republican machinery, amplified by Trump’s upcoming Ohio appearances.

The Economic Reckoning: COVID Policies, Recovery, and Investment Challenges

Central to the race is Acton’s COVID legacy and its economic toll. Ohio’s early lockdowns contributed to sharp job losses—hundreds of thousands in spring 2020—with uneven recovery. While statewide GDP rebounded (Ohio’s 2023 GDP was around $884 billion, according to BEA data), sectors such as hospitality, retail, and education lagged. Critics argue Acton’s orders exacerbated long-term damage: prolonged school closures harmed student outcomes, and business restrictions drove some enterprises to relocate. Ramaswamy has tied this to Ohio’s failure to recover fully, positioning his administration to reverse it through deregulation and investment incentives.

Ohio’s business climate has improved—ranked No. 7 nationally and No. 1 in the Midwest in the 2026 Chief Executive CEO survey—but faces headwinds. The high-profile Intel semiconductor plant in New Albany (announced in 2022 with up to $20-100 billion promised) exemplifies stalled momentum: construction delays pushed first production from 2025/2026 to 2030-2031, with Intel investing $5+ billion by early 2026 but citing market and financial caution. Opponents blame pandemic-era policies and regulatory uncertainty; supporters note national chip shortages and the federal CHIPS Act. Regardless, such delays highlight the risk of capital flight if Ohio appears unstable.

Comparisons to neighboring states underscore the stakes. Indiana, a right-to-work state since 2012, has often outperformed Ohio in manufacturing retention and unemployment (recently ~3.3% vs. Ohio’s ~4.1-4.2%). Studies on right-to-work show mixed but generally positive effects on job growth in competitive sectors. Michigan (post-right-to-work repeal) and Pennsylvania (swing state with union influence) have seen volatile recoveries, with Michigan’s auto sector still grappling with post-COVID supply chains. Kentucky, under GOP leadership but with its own challenges (e.g., successor dynamics under former Gov. Beshear), attracts some investment but lags in high-tech draws. Ohio, lacking right-to-work status despite past attempts (e.g., failed 2011 SB5), relies on tax incentives and workforce development—but Acton’s era amplified perceptions of anti-business hostility. Post-pandemic GDP growth has been comparable across the region (Ohio ~2.1% in recent years), yet Ohio’s unemployment edged higher in some BLS snapshots, and narratives of a business exodus persist. Ramaswamy’s platform—aligning with a potential Trump administration—promises to lure dollars from Indiana, Michigan, and beyond by emphasizing economic viability over lockdowns.

Unions add another layer. Traditionally Democratic strongholds (teachers, public sector) have shifted toward Trump-era populism on trade and energy. Acton’s ties to labor risk alienating moderates if framed as favoring centralized mandates over job creation. Ramaswamy’s pro-worker, anti-regulation stance could peel independents.

Campaign Tactics, Polling Realities, and Broader Ohio Politics

Recent polls paint a competitive picture—RCP averages near even, with outliers like an early-2026 Emerson showing Acton +1 and Bowling Green/YouGov favoring Ramaswamy slightly. Yet intuition will hold: horse-race media and ad buyers inflate closeness for engagement. Ramaswamy’s primary sweep, Trump rallies, and Acton’s baggage (framed as “COVID queen” by the GOP) suggest momentum. Early attacks—scandals, investment critiques—have already been deployed, leaving Democrats vulnerable to “October surprise” fatigue. Elias-style legal maneuvers and Pepper’s opposition research risk overreach, mirroring past Democratic missteps in red-leaning Ohio.

Ohio’s political map favors Republicans in gubernatorial races—no Democrat has won since 2006. Trump carried the state handily in 2016, 2020, and 2024. Ramaswamy inherits this, plus Senate and House majorities for swift policy wins. Acton represents a “propped-up Biden figure”: big government, unions, and progressive holdouts hoping to stall MAGA momentum. But as unions court Trump and independents prioritize pocketbooks, her path narrows.

Outlook: Boots on the Ground and a Call to Action

The general election will hinge on turnout and independents. Ramaswamy’s personal appeal—honest, non-combative—contrasts with Acton’s defensive posture. As the monologue urges, do not take victory for granted: vote in November, rally behind the nominee. With Trump stumping and economic contrasts sharpening, Ramaswamy could pull away decisively. Ohio’s recovery from pandemic policies, Intel’s fate, and regional competition will define the narrative.

In sum, this race transcends personalities. It tests whether Ohio embraces pro-growth conservatism or reverts to centralized experimentation. Data favors the former; history and momentum reinforce it. As voters weigh track records, Ramaswamy’s vision aligns with a thriving Ohio, while Acton’s invites scrutiny of past costs. The coming months promise clarity—and opportunity, along with a lot of political drama. Amy Acton will have a hard time surviving the intensity that is headed her way.

Footnotes

1. AP projections and primary results, May 2026.

2. Ramaswamy’s victory speech and Acton’s coverage of the criticism.

3. BLS unemployment data (Feb/Mar 2026 snapshots).

4. BEA GDP by state reports.

5. Chief Executive 2026 Best States for Business survey.

6. Ballotpedia and NYT poll aggregates.

(Additional citations drawn from campaign filings, historical COVID orders via Ohio Dept. of Health archives, and economic impact studies.)

Bibliography (Selected for Further Reading)

• Associated Press. “Ohio Primary Election Results 2026.” May 6, 2026.

• Ballotpedia. “2026 Ohio Gubernatorial Election.”

• Bureau of Labor Statistics. “State Employment and Unemployment Summary.” 2026 releases.

• Bureau of Economic Analysis. “GDP by State.” Annual updates through 2025/2026.

• Chief Executive Magazine. “Best & Worst States for Business 2026.” April 2026.

• NBC News / 10TV. Primary results coverage, May 2026.

• New York Times. “Ohio Governor Election Polls 2026.”

• Ohio Secretary of State. Official primary turnout and county results.

• RealClearPolling. “2026 Ohio Governor: Ramaswamy vs. Acton.”

• Various: CNN, Dispatch, Signal Ohio reporting on candidates and Intel project (2025-2026).

Rich Hoffman

More about me

Click Here to Protect Yourself with Second Call Defense https://www.secondcalldefense.org/?affiliate=20707

About the Author: Rich Hoffman

He has advised candidates, executives, and public leaders, while conducting deep, hands‑on exploration of archaeological and supernatural hotspots across the world.

The Dawn of the Vertical Air Taxi Revolution: Joby Aviation’s Historic Manhattan Flights Confirm a Future Already Here – Reflections on Innovation, Butler County Leadership, and the May 2026 Primary

I have been saying for years that the vertical air taxi market—powered by electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft—would quite literally take off, and that by the end of 2026 it would become commonplace in major cities and airports across the country. Leading up to 2025 and into 2026, I told everyone who would listen that Joby Aviation was positioned to lead this transformation, turning what many dismissed as science fiction into everyday reality. And right on cue, at the end of April 2026—specifically during demonstrations from April 25 through April 27 and extending into the following days—Joby completed New York City’s first-ever point-to-point eVTOL air taxi flights, soaring from John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK) to Manhattan heliports in under 10 minutes (some reports clocked segments at just seven minutes). This wasn’t just a flashy stunt; it was a critical FAA milestone under the eVTOL Integration Pilot Program (eIPP), showcasing seamless integration into one of the world’s busiest and most tightly regulated airspaces. The flights validated everything I had predicted: quiet, emissions-free, stable vertical flight that outperforms noisy traditional helicopters, all while promising to slash travel times and transform how we move in and out of urban centers.

To understand why this moment feels so validating, it helps to step back and consider the substantial background of the eVTOL industry and Joby Aviation specifically. eVTOL technology represents the convergence of electric propulsion, advanced batteries, distributed electric propulsion (multiple rotors for redundancy and safety), and fly-by-wire controls—essentially combining the vertical agility of a helicopter with the efficiency and quiet operation of a fixed-wing aircraft. Unlike traditional helicopters, which rely on loud combustion engines and single rotors, Joby’s S4 aircraft uses 12 electric propellers (six tilting for forward flight, six dedicated for lift) powered by high-energy-density batteries. This design delivers near-silent operation—reportedly 100 times quieter than helicopters during takeoff and landing in some metrics —with cruise noise levels around 45 dB at altitude, quieter than normal conversation. It uses no jet fuel, produces zero tailpipe emissions, and offers far greater stability in flight. The aircraft carries a pilot and up to four passengers, making it ideal for premium, on-demand service akin to Uber Black but in the sky.

Joby Aviation, founded in 2009 and headquartered in Santa Cruz, California, has spent more than a decade refining this vision. Backed by heavyweights like Toyota (a manufacturing partner providing automotive-grade expertise and capital), Delta Air Lines, and Uber, the company has methodically progressed through FAA certification stages. By early 2026, Joby had flown its first FAA-conforming aircraft (March 11), entered the final Type Inspection Authorization phase, and cleared Stage 4 of the five-stage certification process. The April 2026 Manhattan demonstrations—part of a week-long campaign using existing heliports such as Downtown Skyport, West 30th Street, and East 34th Street—were not passenger-carrying commercial flights but rather critical proof-of-concept operations. They demonstrated point-to-point integration with FAA-controlled airspace at one of America’s busiest airports, building on New York’s selection as part of the White House-backed eIPP announced in March 2026. Joby was named a partner on five projects spanning 12 states, accelerating the path to commercial rollout. These flights weren’t isolated; Joby has conducted similar demos globally, but Manhattan’s dense urban environment was the ultimate credibility check.

The numbers tell a compelling story of momentum. Joby aims to launch a paying passenger service in late 2026, starting potentially in Dubai (where regulatory support is strong) before scaling in the U.S. Production is ramping aggressively: the company acquired a second major facility in Dayton, Ohio—a 700,000-square-foot site now operational and poised to help double output to four aircraft per month by 2027. Combined with its California operations, this positions Joby for rapid scaling. Analysts project that the global eVTOL market could reach tens of billions of dollars annually within a decade, driven by urban congestion relief, airport access, and tourism applications. Joby has already acquired Blade Air Mobility’s passenger business, integrating into Uber’s app for seamless booking. Early economics suggest fares comparable to premium ground services or helicopters today, but with far greater speed and comfort. I have watched this trajectory closely, and the April 2026 events align perfectly with the economic development path I outlined a year ago: infrastructure, certification, and political vision converging to make air taxis as routine as ride-sharing.

Here in southern Ohio, this revolution hits close to home. Butler County—home to Hamilton, Middletown, Fairfield, and Oxford—sits just north of Cincinnati and is ideally positioned for an air taxi hub. I have long advocated for this alongside Michael Ryan, the Republican nominee for Butler County Commissioner and a forward-thinking leader who gets it. Ryan, a former Hamilton City Councilman and Vice Mayor, has been pushing for advanced manufacturing and aviation infrastructure since his early days in local government. He has toured facilities such as the National Advanced Air Mobility Center of Excellence and met with Joby representatives multiple times in late 2025 to lay the groundwork for a vertiport (vertical takeoff/landing pad) in Hamilton or across broader Butler County. While others dismissed it as futuristic fantasy, Ryan saw the opportunity to position our community as a leader rather than a late adopter. With Joby’s Dayton facility just up the road—already gearing up for mass production—Butler County could become a regional nexus for eVTOL operations, serving Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport, Dayton International, and local business travelers. Imagine skipping hour-long traffic snarls on I-75: a quick app hail from a city-center pad or Westchester area, a 10-15 minute flight, and you’re at the terminal. No more rental cars, buses, or tolls for trips to Orlando’s cruise ports or Disney parks—direct sky taxi from hotel to ship in under 15 minutes.

This brings us squarely into the political arena and the critical May 2026 primary election. As primaries loom in early May—specifically May 5 for Butler County—the choice for commissioner couldn’t be clearer. Michael Ryan is the endorsed Republican candidate, backed overwhelmingly by the Butler County Republican Party (71% of the central committee vote in January 2026). He faces incumbent Cindy Carpenter, who chose not to seek the party’s endorsement and has a track record that many in the community find troubling. Roger Reynolds, the former county auditor whose past legal issues lingered in the background, briefly entered the race but dropped out after the GOP’s decisive support for Ryan. I have driven around Butler County and seen the contrast in campaign signs firsthand. Ryan’s signs look sharp, crisp, and well-maintained—fresh volunteers keeping them upright across Hamilton, Middletown, and beyond. Carpenter’s signs, plastered aggressively in early April (or late March), now appear tattered, faded, and weather-beaten just weeks before the vote. They flap like old, neglected flags, a visual metaphor for a campaign lacking the grassroots energy to sustain momentum. Signs can deceive at first glance, projecting illusory support, but maintenance reveals the truth: real backing requires ongoing work, not just a burst of spending at the outset.

I have followed local politics closely, and the differences between the candidates stand out vividly. Michael Ryan is a conservative with proven results in job creation, tax relief, and economic development during his time on Hamilton City Council. As vice mayor, he championed initiatives like the Advanced Manufacturing Hub and aviation-related projects that align directly with the eVTOL future. His energy, fresh ideas, and willingness to engage visionaries like Joby early—when they were still navigating hurdles—set him apart. Ryan understands that politicians with foresight bring communities into leadership roles on emerging technologies. Butler County doesn’t need to play catch-up a decade from now; it can lead now, while the market is at its hottest. The vertical airspace sector is arguably the most dynamic in the U.S. economy right now, with Dubai, China, Los Angeles, San Francisco, and Orlando all moving fast. A Joby hub here would mean jobs, tourism boosts, and infrastructure that attracts businesses—opportunities that would be impossible without proactive leadership.

In contrast, Cindy Carpenter’s tenure has been marked by controversies that have alienated even fellow Republicans. She has faced scrutiny for public behavior unbecoming of high office—including documented incidents of intimidation and foul language—and was caught campaigning for Democrats in races like Middletown’s mayoral contest, a move that cost her the GOP endorsement. Everyone I speak with wants to move on from that style of politics. Her campaign’s reliance on outdated signs and legacy networks feels like an attempt to manufacture the illusion of broad support from “Rhino” elements resistant to change. But voters see through it. The Republican Party has adjusted, listening to the grassroots and aligning with leaders who embrace the future rather than clinging to the past. Ryan’s team has volunteers out maintaining visibility because the support is real—not propped up by a handful of upset insiders.

As someone who has collaborated with Ryan on these forward-looking ideas, I can attest to his genuine commitment. He has been trying to schedule deeper engagements with Joby, but their schedule is now packed, as Joby is the hottest ticket in aviation. That alone shows how prescient his initial outreach in 2025 was. Once through the primary—widely seen as the real contest in this heavily Republican county—Ryan will be well-positioned for the general election. Over the summer and fall of 2026, I expect him to facilitate demonstration events showcasing Joby aircraft right here in Butler County. Imagine community fly-ins or vertiport planning sessions that highlight the vision: quick hops to Dayton or Cincinnati airports, avoiding traffic, and positioning us as an eVTOL leader alongside Manhattan, Dubai, and Orlando. This is the kind of bold, conservative leadership that drives sustainable growth without raising taxes or burdening residents.

The broader implications extend far beyond one county. Globally, places like Orlando are eyeing eVTOLs to ferry tourists from Disney hotels directly to cruise terminals on the Space Coast—no more buses, rental cars, or toll roads. China and the Middle East are investing heavily. Here at home, airports like Dayton International and regional pads in Westchester or Hamilton could become hubs. Joby and competitors like Archer Aviation (with its focus on Georgia) are racing, but Joby’s Dayton presence and certification lead give it the edge, in my view. Archer has strong backing and production ambitions, yet Joby’s momentum—Toyota manufacturing expertise, Uber integration, and real-world demos—makes it the frontrunner for near-term scale. The industry isn’t zero-sum; both will grow, but early adopters like Butler County win by partnering with the most advanced player now.

I do not doubt that if elections were held today under these dynamics, Michael Ryan would prevail because voters crave representatives who deliver results and vision. Primaries often see lower turnout, but that makes every vote crucial. Do not take it for granted—get out and vote for Michael Ryan on May 5, 2026. This primary is the gateway to a stronger general election campaign and, ultimately, to realizing these opportunities. With Ryan in the commissioner’s seat, Butler County secures its place in the new transportation economy. Cindy Carpenter’s approach—reactive, divisive, and disconnected from innovation—offers no such path. Her signs may have looked imposing at the campaign’s start, but their current state tells the real story: neglected support from a candidate whose time has passed.

Looking ahead, the future of air taxis is bright and efficient. Start with pilots, transition to autonomous operations as regulations evolve, and watch as it becomes as simple as ordering an Uber. For working professionals, families heading to cruises, or business travelers dodging gridlock, this changes everything. Joby’s Manhattan milestone isn’t the end—it’s the beginning of nationwide rollout. And thanks to leaders like Michael Ryan, who embraced it early, southern Ohio won’t be left behind. I have been consistent on this for years because the technology, economics, and political will are aligning exactly as forecasted. Those who invested early—financially or politically—stand to benefit enormously. The hottest market sector in the economy is vertical airspace, and Butler County is poised to claim its share.

This episode also underscores a deeper truth about politics and progress: true leadership adapts to people’s needs and future realities, much like the representative government I have discussed in other contexts. Trump voters and everyday Americans choose leaders who listen and deliver—not those trapped in past grievances. Ryan embodies that forward momentum. Carpenter’s record of supporting Democrats in key races and public missteps has left her isolated. The party’s decision to back fresh ideas over incumbency was wise and reflects a broader adjustment toward innovation.

The rubber is hitting the road—or rather, the aircraft are taking off. Joby Aviation’s April 2026 demonstrations in Manhattan confirm what I have been saying all along. With Michael Ryan leading Butler County into this new era, our communities stand to gain jobs, infrastructure, and a competitive edge that legacy thinking could never provide. Vote early, vote often in spirit, and make your voice heard in the primary. The future is electric, vertical, and fast—and it’s arriving right on schedule.

Footnotes

¹ Joby Aviation press release detailing April 2026 NYC demonstrations and eIPP participation.

² FAA certification progress and conforming aircraft timeline from industry reports.

³ Noise and stability comparisons between eVTOLs and helicopters.

⁴ Butler County Republican Party endorsement and primary candidate details.

⁵ Michael Ryan’s economic development record and aviation advocacy.

⁶ Joby manufacturing expansion in Dayton, Ohio.

⁷ Market projections and global adoption outlook for the eVTOL sector.

Bibliography

• Joby Aviation. “Joby Brings Electric Air Taxis to New York City in Week-Long Flight Campaign.” April 27, 2026. https://www.jobyaviation.com/news/joby-brings-electric-air-taxis-to-new-york-city-in-week-long-flight-campaign.

• “Joby Aviation’s JFK-Manhattan Test Flight Puts Air Taxis Seven Minutes from Reality.” Startup Fortune, April 2026.

• “Joby vs. Archer Aviation: Which eVTOL Stock Wins in 2026?” Yahoo Finance / Motley Fool, April 8, 2026.

• “Who’s Running for Butler County Commissioner in Ohio?” The Cincinnati Enquirer, April 23, 2026.

• “Republican Primary for Butler County Commission Seat Contentious.” Journal-News, April 20, 2026.

• “Joby Obtains Second Ohio Facility for Dual-Site eVTOL Production Strategy.” CompositesWorld, January 9, 2026.

• “Michael Ryan for Butler County Commissioner” campaign site and news updates, 2026.

• Additional reporting from FOX5NY, The Next Web, and local Ohio election coverage on eVTOL integration and primary dynamics.

Rich Hoffman

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About the Author: Rich Hoffman

He has advised candidates, executives, and public leaders, while conducting deep, hands‑on exploration of archaeological and supernatural hotspots across the world.

	Anonymous on Why Christianity Survived as a…
	Anonymous on Christianity as a Weapon of Wa…
	Anonymous on Christianity as a Weapon of Wa…
	Anonymous on Is God an Idiot: I don’t…
	Anonymous on Christianity as a Scaling Move…
	Rich Hoffman on The Jonathan Edwards Study Bib…
	Anonymous on The Jonathan Edwards Study Bib…
	Anonymous on The Day the Past Arrives in th…
	Rich Hoffman on The Day the Past Arrives in th…
	Anonymous on The Day the Past Arrives in th…

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